Preface to the Fifth Edition xxvii About the Authors xxxi   Part 1: Transport Processes: Momentum, Heat, and Mass   Chapter 1: Introduction to Engineering Principles and Units 3 1.0 Chapter Objectives 3 1.1 Classification of Transport Processes and Separation Processes (Unit Operations) 3 1.2 SI System of Basic Units Used in This Text and Other Systems 6 1.3 Methods of Expressing Temperatures and Compositions 8 1.4 Gas Laws and Vapor Pressure 10 1.5 Conservation of Mass and Material Balances 13 1.6 Energy and Heat Units 17 1.7 Conservation of Energy and Heat Balances 23 1.8 Numerical Methods for Integration 28 1.9 Chapter Summary 29   Chapter 2: Introduction to Fluids and Fluid Statics 36 2.0 Chapter Objectives 36 2.1 Introduction 36 2.2 Fluid Statics 37 2.3 Chapter Summary 47   Chapter 3: Fluid Properties and Fluid Flows 50 3.0 Chapter Objectives 50 3.1 Viscosity of Fluids 50 3.2 Types of Fluid Flow and Reynolds Number 54 3.3 Chapter Summary 58   Chapter 4: Overall Mass, Energy, and Momentum Balances 61 4.0 Chapter Objectives 61 4.1 Overall Mass Balance and Continuity Equation 62 4.2 Overall Energy Balance 68 4.3 Overall Momentum Balance 81 4.4 Shell Momentum Balance and Velocity Profile in Laminar Flow 90 4.5 Chapter Summary 96   Chapter 5: Incompressible and Compressible Flows in Pipes 105 5.0 Chapter Objectives 105 5.1 Design Equations for Laminar and Turbulent Flow in Pipes 106 5.2 Compressible Flow of Gases 125 5.3 Measuring the Flow of Fluids 129 5.4 Chapter Summary 138   Chapter 6: Flows in Packed and Fluidized Beds 145 6.0 Chapter Objectives 145 6.1 Flow Past Immersed Objects 146 6.2 Flow in Packed Beds 150 6.3 Flow in Fluidized Beds 156 6.4 Chapter Summary 161   Chapter 7: Pumps, Compressors, and Agitation Equipment 166 7.0 Chapter Objectives 166 7.1 Pumps and Gas-Moving Equipment 166 7.2 Agitation, Mixing of Fluids, and Power Requirements 176 7.3 Chapter Summary 192   Chapter 8: Differential Equations of Fluid Flow 196 8.0 Chapter Objectives 196 8.1 Differential Equations of Continuity 196 8.2 Differential Equations of Momentum Transfer or Motion 202 8.3 Use of Differential Equations of Continuity and Motion 207 8.4 Chapter Summary 216   Chapter 9: Non-Newtonian Fluids 220 9.0 Chapter Objectives 220 9.1 Non-Newtonian Fluids 221 9.2 Friction Losses for Non-Newtonian Fluids 226 9.3 Velocity Profiles for Non-Newtonian Fluids 229 9.4 Determination of Flow Properties of Non-Newtonian Fluids Using a Rotational Viscometer 232 9.5 Power Requirements in Agitation and Mixing of Non-Newtonian Fluids 234 9.6 Chapter Summary 235   Chapter 10: Potential Flow and Creeping Flow 239 10.0 Chapter Objectives 239 10.1 Other Methods for Solution of Differential Equations of Motion 239 10.2 Stream Function 240 10.3 Differential Equations of Motion for Ideal Fluids (Inviscid Flow) 241 10.4 Potential Flow and Velocity Potential 241 10.5 Differential Equations of Motion for Creeping Flow 246 10.6 Chapter Summary 247   Chapter 11: Boundary-Layer and Turbulent Flow 250 11.0 Chapter Objectives 250 11.1 Boundary-Layer Flow 251 11.2 Turbulent Flow 254 11.3 Turbulent Boundary-Layer Analysis 260 11.4 Chapter Summary 263   Chapter 12: Introduction to Heat Transfer 265 12.0 Chapter Objectives 265 12.1 Energy and Heat Units 265 12.2 Conservation of Energy and Heat Balances 271 12.3 Conduction and Thermal Conductivity 277 12.4 Convection 282 12.5 Radiation 284 12.6 Heat Transfer with Multiple Mechanisms/Materials 287 12.7 Chapter Summary 292   Chapter 13: Steady-State Conduction 299 13.0 Chapter Objectives 299 13.1 Conduction Heat Transfer 299 13.2 Conduction Through Solids in Series or Parallel with Convection 305 13.3 Conduction with Internal Heat Generation 313 13.4 Steady-State Conduction in Two Dimensions Using Shape Factors 315 13.5 Numerical Methods for Steady-State Conduction in Two Dimensions 318 13.6 Chapter Summary 326   Chapter 14: Principles of Unsteady-State Heat Transfer 332 14.0 Chapter Objectives 332 14.1 Derivation of the Basic Equation 332 14.2 Simplified Case for Systems with Negligible Internal Resistance 334 14.3 Unsteady-State Heat Conduction in Various Geometries 337 14.4 Numerical Finite-Difference Methods for Unsteady-State Conduction 355 14.5 Chilling and Freezing of Food and Biological Materials 366 14.6 Differential Equation of Energy Change 372 14.7 Chapter Summary 376   Chapter 15: Introduction to Convection 385 15.0 Chapter Objectives 385 15.1 Introduction and Dimensional Analysis in Heat Transfer 385 15.2 Boundary-Layer Flow and Turbulence in Heat Transfer 389 15.3 Forced Convection Heat Transfer Inside Pipes 394 15.4 Heat Transfer Outside Various Geometries in Forced Convection 402 15.5 Natural Convection Heat Transfer 408 15.6 Boiling and Condensation 415 15.7 Heat Transfer of Non-Newtonian Fluids 424 15.8 Special Heat-Transfer Coefficients 427 15.9 Chapter Summary 436   Chapter 16: Heat Exchangers 444 16.0 Chapter Objectives 444 16.1 Types of Exchangers 444 16.2 Log-Mean-Temperature-Difference Correction Factors 447 16.3 Heat-Exchanger Effectiveness 450 16.4 Fouling Factors and Typical Overall U Values 453 16.5 Double-Pipe Heat Exchanger 454 16.6 Chapter Summary 458   Chapter 17: Introduction to Radiation Heat Transfer 461 17.0 Chapter Objectives 461 17.1 Introduction to Radiation Heat-Transfer Concepts 461 17.2 Basic and Advanced Radiation Heat-Transfer Principles 465 17.3 Chapter Summary 482   Chapter 18: Introduction to Mass Transfer 487 18.0 Chapter Objectives 487 18.1 Introduction to Mass Transfer and Diffusion 487 18.2 Diffusion Coefficient 493 18.3 Convective Mass Transfer 508 18.4 Molecular Diffusion Plus Convection and Chemical Reaction 508 18.5 Chapter Summary 512   Chapter 19: Steady-State Mass Transfer 519 19.0 Chapter Objectives 519 19.1 Molecular Diffusion in Gases 519 19.2 Molecular Diffusion in Liquids 528 19.3 Molecular Diffusion in Solids 531 19.4 Diffusion of Gases in Porous Solids and Capillaries 537 19.5 Diffusion in Biological Gels 544 19.6 Special Cases of the General Diffusion Equation at Steady State 546 19.7 Numerical Methods for Steady-State Molecular Diffusion in Two Dimensions 550 19.8 Chapter Summary 557   Chapter 20: Unsteady-State Mass Transfer 568 20.0 Chapter Objectives 568 20.1 Unsteady-State Diffusion 568 20.2 Unsteady-State Diffusion and Reaction in a Semi-Infinite Medium 575 20.3 Numerical Methods for Unsteady-State Molecular Diffusion 577 20.4 Chapter Summary 582   Chapter 21: Convective Mass Transfer 586 21.0 Chapter Objectives 586 21.1 Convective Mass Transfer 586 21.2 Dimensional Analysis in Mass Transfer 594 21.3 Mass-Transfer Coefficients for Various Geometries 595 21.4 Mass Transfer to Suspensions of Small Particles 610 21.5 Models for Mass-Transfer Coefficients 613 21.6 Chapter Summary 617   Part 2: Separation Process Principles   Chapter 22: Absorption and Stripping 627 22.0 Chapter Objectives 627 22.1 Equilibrium and Mass Transfer Between Phases 627 22.2 Introduction to Absorption 645 22.3 Pressure Drop and Flooding in Packed Towers 649 22.4 Design of Plate Absorption Towers 654 22.5 Design of Packed Towers for Absorption 656 22.6 Efficiency of Random-Packed and Structured Packed Towers 672 22.7 Absorption of Concentrated Mixtures in Packed Towers 675 22.8 Estimation of Mass-Transfer Coefficients for Packed Towers 679 22.9 Heat Effects and Temperature Variations in Absorption 682 22.10 Chapter Summary 685   Chapter 23: Humidification Processes 694 23.0 Chapter Objectives 694 23.1 Vapor Pressure of Water and Humidity 694 23.2 Introduction and Types of Equipment for Humidification 703 23.3 Theory and Calculations for Cooling-Water Towers 704 23.4 Chapter Summary 712   Chapter 24: Filtration and Membrane Separation Processes (Liquid–Liquid or Solid–Liquid Phase) 716 24.0 Chapter Objectives 716 24.1 Introduction to Dead-End Filtration 716 24.2 Basic Theory of Filtration 722 24.3 Membrane Separations 732 24.4 Microfiltration Membrane Processes 733 24.5 Ultrafiltration Membrane Processes 734 24.6 Reverse-Osmosis Membrane Processes 738 24.7 Dialysis 747 24.8 Chapter Summary 751   Chapter 25: Gaseous Membrane Systems 759 25.0 Chapter Objectives 759 25.1 Gas Permeation 759 25.2 Complete-Mixing Model for Gas Separation by Membranes 765 25.3 Complete-Mixing Model for Multicomponent Mixtures 770 25.4 Cross-Flow Model for Gas Separation by Membranes 773 25.5 Derivation of Equations for Countercurrent and Cocurrent Flow for Gas Separation by Membranes 779 25.6 Derivation of Finite-Difference Numerical Method for Asymmetric Membranes 787 25.7 Chapter Summary 798   Chapter 26: Distillation 805 26.0 Chapter Objectives 805 26.1 Equilibrium Relations Between Phases 805 26.2 Single and Multiple Equilibrium Contact Stages 808 26.3 Simple Distillation Methods 813 26.4 Binary Distillation with Reflux Using the McCabe–Thiele and Lewis Methods 818 26.5 Tray Efficiencies 836 26.6 Flooding Velocity and Diameter of Tray Towers Plus Simple Calculations for Reboiler and Condenser Duties 839 26.7 Fractional Distillation Using the Enthalpy–Concentration Method 841 26.8 Distillation of Multicomponent Mixtures 851 26.9 Chapter Summary 862   Chapter 27: Liquid–Liquid Extraction 874 27.0 Chapter Objectives 874 27.1 Introduction to Liquid–Liquid Extraction 874 27.2 Single-Stage Equilibrium Extraction 878 27.3 Types of Equipment and Design for Liquid–Liquid Extraction 880 27.4 Continuous Multistage Countercurrent Extraction 889 27.5 Chapter Summary 901   Chapter 28: Adsorption and Ion Exchange 907 28.0 Chapter Objectives 907 28.1 Introduction to Adsorption Processes 907 28.2 Batch Adsorption 910 28.3 Design of Fixed-Bed Adsorption Columns 912 28.4 Ion-Exchange Processes 918 28.5 Chapter Summary 924   Chapter 29: Crystallization and Particle Size Reduction 928 29.0 Chapter Objectives 928 29.1 Introduction to Crystallization 928 29.2 Crystallization Theory 935 29.3 Mechanical Size Reduction 942 29.4 Chapter Summary 947   Chapter 30: Settling, Sedimentation, and Centrifugation 952 30.0 Chapter Objectives 952 30.1 Settling and Sedimentation in Particle–Fluid Separation 953 30.2 Centrifugal Separation Processes 966 30.3 Chapter Summary 979   Chapter 31: Leaching 984 31.0 Chapter Objectives 984 31.1 Introduction and Equipment for Liquid–Solid Leaching 984 31.2 Equilibrium Relations and Single-Stage Leaching 990 31.3 Countercurrent Multistage Leaching 994 31.4 Chapter Summary 999   Chapter 32: Evaporation 1002 32.0 Chapter Objectives 1002 32.1 Introduction 1002 32.2 Types of Evaporation Equipment and Operation Methods 1004 32.3 Overall Heat-Transfer Coefficients in Evaporators 1008 32.4 Calculation Methods for Single-Effect Evaporators 1010 32.5 Calculation Methods for Multiple-Effect Evaporators 1016 32.6 Condensers for Evaporators 1026 32.7 Evaporation of Biological Materials 1028 32.8 Evaporation Using Vapor Recompression 1029 32.9 Chapter Summary 1030   Chapter 33: Drying 1035 33.0 Chapter Objectives 1035 33.1 Introduction and Methods of Drying 1035 33.2 Equipment for Drying 1036 33.3 Vapor Pressure of Water and Humidity 1040 33.4 Equilibrium Moisture Content of Materials 1049 33.5 Rate-of-Drying Curves 1052 33.6 Calculation Methods for a Constant-Rate Drying Period 1057 33.7 Calculation Methods for the Falling-Rate Drying Period 1062 33.8 Combined Convection, Radiation, and Conduction Heat Transfer in the Constant-Rate Period 1065 33.9 Drying in the Falling-Rate Period by Diffusion and Capillary Flow 1068 33.10 Equations for Various Types of Dryers 1074 33.11 Freeze-Drying of Biological Materials 1084 33.12 Unsteady-State Thermal Processing and Sterilization of Biological Materials 1088 33.13 Chapter Summary 1096   Part 3: Appendixes Appendix A.1 Fundamental Constants and Conversion Factors 1107 Appendix A.2 Physical Properties of Water 1113 Appendix A.3 Physical Properties of Inorganic and Organic Compounds 1124 Appendix A.4 Physical Properties of Foods and Biological Materials 1147 Appendix A.5 Properties of Pipes, Tubes, and Screens 1151 Appendix A.6 Lennard-Jones Potentials as Determined from Viscosity Data 1154   Notation 1156 Index 1166

The comprehensive, unified, up-to-date guide to transport and separation processes -- now fully updated A unified, up-to-date treatment of momentum, heat, mass transfer, and separation processesReflects the field’s newest methods, practical applications, and fundamental principlesAdds tutorials and homework problems for modern software tools including Aspen/CHEMCAD, MATLAB, COMSOL, and Microsoft ExcelHugely successful through four editions -- now revised throughout, even more readable, and improved with extensive new instructor resources

Thoroughly revised to reflect today’s technological landscapeExpanded from 14 to 33 chapters, and reorganized to support multiple courses and learning pathsTutorials and homework problems designed for Aspen/CHEMCAD, MATLAB, COMSOL, and Microsoft ExcelInstructor notes now include active learning exercises to help reduce prep timePowerPoint slide presentation introduces the latest version of COMSOLApproximately 200 new end-of-chapter homework problems, plus test bank and additional homework setsOnline videos for example problems to support flipped classroomsChapter objectives and summaries added to every chapter