Preface  xiAmal EL FALLAH SEGHROUCHNI, Fuyuki ISHIKAWA and Kenji TEI Introduction xviiAmal EL FALLAH SEGHROUCHNI, Fuyuki ISHIKAWA and Kenji TEI Chapter 1. Shared Wireless Sensor Networks as Enablers for a Context Management System in Smart Cities  1Kenji TEI 1.1. Introduction  1 1.2. Background 3 1.3. XAC middleware 5 1.3.1. Architecture of XAC middleware  6 1.4. Task-description language  7 1.4.1. Existing solutions 8 1.4.2. XAC middleware solutions 10 1.5. Runtime task management  12 1.5.1. Existing solutions 12 1.5.2. XAC middleware solutions 14 1.6. Self-adaptation 16 1.6.1. Existing solutions 17 1.6.2. XAC middleware solutions 17 1.7. Discussion 18 1.8. Conclusion 19 1.9 Bibliography  19 Chapter 2. Sensorizer: An Architecture for Regenerating Cyber-physical Data Streams from the Web 23Jin NAKAZAWA 2.1. Introduction  23 2.2. Sensorizer architecture  25 2.2.1. Sensing process of EWC 25 2.2.2. Sensorizer architecture  25 2.3. Implementation  27 2.3.1. Sensorizer browser extension  27 2.3.2. Probe  28 2.3.3. Sensorizer/SoX API 29 2.4. Case of sensorized smart cities  29 2.5. Conclusion 32 2.6. Bibliography  32 Chapter 3. Smart Agent Foundations: From Planning to Spatio-temporal Guidance  33Ahmed-Chawki CHAOUCHE, Amal EL FALLAH SEGHROUCHNI, Jean-Michel ILIÉ and Djamel Eddine SAÏDOUNI 3.1. Introduction  33 3.2. Smart-campus: use case and scenario  35 3.2.1. Smart-campus architecture  36 3.2.2. Scenario  37 3.3. Description of the software architecture for a smart ambient agent  37 3.4. Higher order agent model 38 3.4.1. Application to the scenario  39 3.5. Description of the concurrent planner based on AgLOTOS language  40 3.5.1. Agent plan structure 40 3.5.2. Syntax of AgLOTOS plans 42 3.5.3. Building of the agent plan from the intentions 44 3.5.4. Planning state of the agent  45 3.6. Contextual planning guidance  45 3.6.1. Semantics of AgLOTOS plans  46 3.6.2. Contextual planning system 48 3.6.3. Application to the scenario  50 3.7. Spatio-temporal guidance from past experiences  52 3.7.1. Contextual planning architecture  52 3.7.2. Learning actions from past experiences 53 3.7.3. Spatio-temporal guidance  58 3.8. Conclusion 61 3.9. Bibliography 62 Chapter 4. A Multi-Agent Middleware for Deployment of Ambient Applications 65Ferdinand PIETTE, Amal EL FALLAH SEGHROUCHNI, Patrick TAILLIBERT, Costin CAVAL and CÉDRIC DINONT 4.1. Introduction  65 4.2. Challenges for ambient intelligence and Internet of Things  67 4.2.1. Toward the heterogeneity of hardware and protocols 67 4.2.2. Data transport and processing  69 4.2.3. Management of data privacy 71 4.3. Deployment of applications for ambient systems  73 4.3.1. Reasoning about heterogeneity 73 4.3.2. Graph modeling  74 4.3.3. Mathematical formalization of the deployment process  76 4.3.4. Modified graph-matching algorithm  81 4.3.5. Conclusion 85 4.4. Multi-agent middleware for ambient systems  86 4.4.1. Scenario  87 4.4.2. Multi-agent modeling 88 4.4.3. Distributed reasoning 92 4.4.4. Design and implementation 96 4.5. Conclusion 102 4.6. Bibliography  103 Chapter 5. ClouT: Cloud of Things for Empowering Citizen’s Clout in Smart Cities 107Kenji TEI, Levent GÜREEN and TAKURO YONEZAWA 5.1. Objective of the ClouT project  107 5.2. Goal of the ClouT project 109 5.3. ClouT concept 110 5.3.1. CIaaS concept 112 5.3.2. CPaaS concept  115 5.3.3. CSaaS concept  117 5.4. ClouT reference architecture 118 5.4.1. CIaaS components  118 5.4.2. CPaaS components  120 5.4.3. Security and Dependability components  121 5.5. Mapping the architecture 122 5.6. Conclusion 125 5.7. Bibliography  126 Chapter 6. sensiNact IoT Platform as a Service 127Levent GÜRGEN, Christophe MUNILLA, Rémi DRUILHE, Etienne GANDRILLE and Jander BOTELHO DO NASCIMENTO 6.1. Introduction  128 6.2. State of the art 130 6.2.1. IoT solutions architectures  130 6.2.2. Existing IoT platforms  131 6.3. Architecture and data model 133 6.4. Platform security management  138 6.5. The sensiNact studio  140 6.5.1. Graphical user interface 141 6.5.2. Creating applications 143 6.5.3. Application deployment 144 6.6. Conclusion 146 6.7. Bibliography  146 Chapter 7. Verification and Configuration of Smart Space Applications  149Fuyuki ISHIKAWA and Shinichi HONIDEN 7.1. Introduction  149 7.2. Conflicts in smart space applications  150 7.2.1. Event-driven control of smart spaces 150 7.2.2. Description of event-driven behavior 151 7.2.3. Conflicts in event-driven control 151 7.2.4. Application of model checking techniques 153 7.3. Framework for verifying and configuring smart space applications  154 7.3.1. Overview 154 7.3.2. Semantic model  155 7.3.3. Definition of state transition model 158 7.3.4. Properties to verify  159 7.3.5. Implementation  160 7.3.6. Model checker implementation 161 7.4. Case study 161 7.4.1. Scenario and initial specification  161 7.4.2. Analyzing sound conflicts  162 7.4.3. Further scenarios 164 7.5. Related work  164 7.6. Concluding remarks  165 7.7. Acknowledgments 166 7.8. Bibliography  166 Chapter 8. SmartSantander: A Massive Self-Managed, Scalable and Interconnected IoT Deployment 169José Antonio GALACHE, Juan Ramón SANTANA and Luis MUÑOZ 8.1. Introduction  169 8.2. SmartSantander: novel architecture for service provision and experimentation 170 8.3. SmartSantander deployment: use cases 173 8.4. SmartSantander interacting with ClouT 175 8.4.1. IoT device naming  176 8.4.2. IoT device description  177 8.4.3. IoT resource manager 181 8.4.4. Virtualization module 182 8.5. Conclusions  184 8.6. Bibliography  185 Chapter 9. Using Context-aware Multi-agent Systems for Robust Smart City Infrastructure 187Andrei OLARU, Adina Magda FLOREA and Amal EL FALLAH SEGHROUCHNI 9.1. Introduction  187 9.1.1. Smart cities and ambient intelligence  188 9.2. Requirements  189 9.2.1. Information at the right time 191 9.2.2. Robustness, reliability, dependability and trust  192 9.2.3. Privacy and personal information  192 9.3. Solutions for managing context information  193 9.3.1. Related work and projects  193 9.3.2. A local solution for a global result 195 9.4. MAS-based application-independent middleware 196 9.4.1. Architecture  198 9.4.2. Generality of the design 203 9.4.3. Resilience in case of failures 203 9.5. Conclusion 204 9.6. Bibliography  204 Chapter 10. City of Santander 207Sonia SOTERO MUÑIZ and José Antonio TEIXEIRA VITIENES 10.1. Introduction  207 10.2. ClouT project 210 10.2.1. Participatory sensing for city management 211 10.2.2. Traffic mobility management 215 10.2.3. Conclusions 219 10.3. Bibliography 220 Chapter 11. Fujisawa, Towards a Sustainable Smart City 221Takuro YONEZAWA 11.1. Introduction 221 11.1.1. Sensorized garbage trucks 222 11.1.2. Enoshima Info Surfboard  223 11.1.3. Smile Coupon  224 11.2. Architecture and application domains 225 11.2.1. Architecture with ClouT components 225 11.2.2. Components for implementation  226 11.2.3. Interaction among components 227 11.2.4. Development scenario  228 11.2.5. Design and implementation 229 11.3. Results 236 11.4. Conclusion  237 11.5. Bibliography 237 List of Authors 239 Index 241