The synergism of two entirely different constituents at nanogeometry leads to the development of a new class of materials known as nanocomposites. Thus nanocomposites are defined as a new class of advanced materials finding various applications in diverse fields including environmental pollutants remediation, ion exchange, drug delivery, tissue engineering, energy harvesting, sensors and food packing etc. The present book highlights the usefulness of nanocomposites as future materials, and describes the revolutionary development in the field of nanocomposites in the context of their structural, behavioural and applicable aspect. The diverse nanocomposites such as decorated by metal oxides, based on synthetic polymers and biopolymers etc. have been discussed in details.