Preface xiii

PART 1 Stimuli-Responsive Polymeric Materials 1

1 Smart Thermoresponsive Biomaterials 3
Mohammed Yaseen and Jian R. Lu

1.1 Introduction 3

1.2 Temperature-Responsive Polymers 5

1.3 Development of Thermoresponsive Surfaces 10

1.4 Surface Characterization 15

1.5 Cell Culture and Tissue Engineering Applications 16

1.6 Chromatography 20

1.7 Conclusion 22

References 22

2 Light-Triggered Azobenzenes: From Molecular Architecture to Functional Materials 27
Jaume Garcia-Amorós and Dolores Velasco

2.1 Why Light-Triggered Materials? 28

2.2 Azobenzene-Based Light-Activatable Materials 29

2.3 Photoswitchable Azobenzene-Based Materials 31

2.4 Photodeformable Azobenzene-Based Materials:Artificial Muscle-like Actuation 47

2.5 Conclusion and Perspectives 53

Acknowledgements 54

References 54

3 Functionalization with Interpenetrating Smart Polymer Networks by Gamma Irradiation for Loading and Delivery of Drugs 59
Franklin Muñoz-Muñoz and Emilio Bucio

Abbreviations 60

3.1 Introduction 61

3.2 General Concepts 63

3.3 Radiation Synthesis and Modification of Polymers (Approaches) 74

Acknowledgements 88

References 88

4 Biomedical Devices Based on Smart Polymers 105
Angel Contreras-García and Emilio Bucio

4.1 Introduction 106

4.2 Stimuli Responsive Polymers 107

4.3 Sensitive Hydrogels 108

4.4 Responsive Materials for Drug Delivery Systems 109

4.5 Intelligent Polymers for Tissue Engineering 112

4.6 Types of Medical Devices 113

Acknowledgements 117

References 117

5 Stimuli-Responsive Polymers as Adjuvants and Carriers for Antigen Delivery 123
Akhilesh Kumar Shakya and Kutty Selva Nandakumar

Abbreviations 124

5.1 Introduction 124

5.2 Responsive Polymers as Antigen Carriers 129

5.3 Factors Affecting Adjuvant Potential of Stimuli-Responsive Polymeric Adjuvant 135

Acknowledgements 136

References 136

6 Cyclodextrins as Advanced Materials for Pharmaceutical Applications 141
Vesna D. Nikolic, Ljubisa B. Nikolic, Ivan M. Savic, and Ivana M. Savic

6.1 Inclusion Complexes 142

6.2 Preparation of Inclusion Complexes 143

6.3 Historical Development of Cyclodextrins 145

6.4 Equilibrium 149

6.5 Confirmation of Formed Inclusion Complexes 152

6.6 Application of Cyclodextrins in the Pharmacy 153

6.7 Cyclodextrins as a Drug Delivery System 154

6.8 Cyclodextrin as Solubilizers 157

6.9 Pharmaceutical Formulation Containing Cyclodextrin 158

6.10 Conclusion 160

References 161

PART 2 Smart Nano-Engineered Materials 167

7 Advances in Smart Wearable Systems 169
Rajesh Kumar Saini, Jaya Bajpai, and A. K. Bajpai

7.1 Introduction 170

7.2 Classification of Smart Polymers 172

7.3 Applications 181

7.4 Current Features of Wearable Systems 192

7.5 Conclusions 194

7.6 Challenges and Future Prospects 194

References 195

8 Functionalization of Smart Nanomaterials 201
Sharda Sundaram Sanjay and Avinash C. Pandey

8.1 Introduction 202

8.2 Functionalizing Agents 205

8.3 Carbon Nanomaterials 217

8.4 Silica Nanoparticles 224

8.5 Confirmation of Functionalization 225

Acknowledgements 229

References 229

9 Role of Smart Nanostructured Materials in Cancers 237
Rizwan Wahab, Farheen Khan, Javed Musarrat, and Abdulaziz A.Al-Khedhairy

9.1 Introduction 238

9.2 Experimental 246

9.3 Results Related to Use of Smart Nanostructured Materials to Control Cancers Cells 258

9.4 Summary and Future Direction 265

Acknowledgement 266

References 266

10 Quantum Cutter and Sensitizer-Based Advanced Materials for their Application in Displays, Fluorescent Lamps and Solar Cells 273
Raghvendra Singh Yadav, Jaromir Havlica, and Avinash Chandra Pandey

10.1 Introduction 274

10.2 Quantum Cutter and Sensitizer-Based Advanced Materials 275

10.3 Conclusion 297

Acknowledgement 297

References 298

11 Nanofibers of Conducting Polymer Nanocomposites 303
Subhash B. Kondawar and Shikha P. Agrawal

11.1 Conducting Polymers 304

11.2 Nanostructure Conducting Polymers 311

11.3 Electrical Conductive Properties of Nanofibers of Conducting Polymer Nanocomposites 337

11.4 Applications of Nanofibers of Conducting Polymers Nanocomposites 341

11.5 Concluding Remarks 347

References 348

PART 3 Smart Biosystems Engineering 357

12 Stimuli-Responsive Redox Biopolymers 359
Sudheesh K. Shukla and Ashutosh Tiwari

12.1 Introduction 359

12.2 Method of Synthesis, Characterization and Mechanism 363

12.3 Stimuli-Responsive Redox and Electrical Conductive Behavior 367

12.4 Biosensor Applications 372

12.5 Conclusion 373

References 374

13 Commodity Thermoplastics with Bespoken Properties using Metallocene Catalyst Systems 377
Nikhil Prakash

13.1 Introduction 378

13.2 Metallocene Catalyst Systems 379

13.3 Metallocene Thermoplastics 385

13.4 Conclusions and Future Prospects 393

References 393

PART 4 Theory and Modeling 397

14 Elastic Constants, Structural Parameters and Elastic Perspectives of Thorium Mono-Chalcogenides in Temperature Sensitive Region 399

Krishna Murti Raju

Nomenclature 400

14.1 Introduction 400

14.2 Formulation 404

14.3 Evaluation 410

14.4 Results and Discussions 414

14.5 Conclusions 424

Acknowledgment 424

References 424

Index 429

The development of finely tuned materials that adjust in a predictable manner to specific environmental change is a rapidly growing multidisciplinary area of materials research with huge commercial potential. Stimuli-responsive materials adjust to small changes in their environment with a considerable change in their properties. Responsive materials are becoming increasingly more prevalent as scientists learn about their chemistry and the triggers that induce conformational change in material structures and devise ways of taking advantage of and controlling them. Responsive Materials and Methods offers a set of state-of-the-art chapters by renowned international researchers on these stimuli-responsive materials and their potential applications.

This groundbreaking first volume in a new series on advanced materials tackles such subjects as:

• Smart wearable systems
• Thermo-responsive smart biomaterials
• Conducting polymer nanofibers
• Cyclodextrin-based advanced responsive materials
• Thermoplastic catalyst systems
• Smart functional nanomaterials
• Responsive adjuvants and carriers for antigen delivery
• Innovative approaches to responsive nanostructured materials for cancer therapy
• Responsive redox biopolymers
• Smart nanomaterial applications to space and energy

Readership
The reference volume will be invaluable to a wide range of scientists, researchers, and clinicians including chemists, physicists, biotechnologists, materials scientists, pharmacists, and biomedical engineers, as well as industrial sectors involved in the production of advanced functional materials.