Preface xiii 1 Polypropylene (PP)-Based Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites: State-of-the-Art, New Challenges and Opportunities 1Visakh. P. M 1.1 Polypropylene (PP)/Cellulose-Based Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 1 1.2 Polypropylene (PP)/Starch-Based Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 3 1.3 Polypropylene (PP)/Polylactic Acid-Based Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 5 1.4 Polypropylene (PP)-Based Hybrid Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 6 1.5 Biodegradation and Flame Retardancy of Polypropylene-Based Composites and Nanocomposites 7 1.6 Polypropylene Single-Polymer Composites 9 1.7 Polypropylene/Plant-Based Fiber Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 10 1.8 Polypropylene Composite with Oil Palm Fibers: Method Development, Properties and Application 12 1.9 Interfacial Modification of Polypropylene-Based Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 13 References 14 2 Polypropylene (PP)/Cellulose-Based Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 23Md. Minhaz-Ul Haque 2.1 Introduction 23 2.2 PP/Cellulose-Based Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 24 2.3 Conclusion 46 References 47 3 Polypropylene  (PP)/Starch-Based  Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 55Saviour A. Umoren and Moses M. Solomon 3.1 Introduction 55 3.2 PP/Starch Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 57 3.3 Conclusion 79 References 79 4 Polypropylene (PP)/Polylactic Acid-Based Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 85Xin Wang 4.1 Introduction 85 4.2 PP/PLA-Based Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 87 4.3 Conclusion 107 References 108 5 Polypropylene (PP)-Based Hybrid Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 113Svetlana Butylina 5.1 Introduction 113 5.2 Polypropylene-Based Hybrid Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 116 5.3 Conclusion 141 References 141 6 Biodegradation and Flame Retardancy of Polypropylene-Based Composites and Nanocomposites 145S. Butylina and I. Turku 6.1 Biodegradability of PP-Based Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 146 6.2 Flame Retardancy of Polypropylene-Based Composites and Nanocomposites 154 6.3 Conclusions 171 References 171 7 Polypropylene Single-Polymer Composites 177Jian Wang 7.1 Introduction 177 7.2 Preparation Principles for PP SPCs 180 7.3 Processing Methods and Properties of PP SPCs 187 7.4 Applications 235 7.5 Summary 239 Acknowledgments 242 References 242 8 Polypropylene/Plant-Based Fiber Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 247Amir Ghasemi, Ehsan Pesaran Haji Abbas, Leila Farhang and Reza Bagheri 8.1 Introduction 247 8.2 Types of Natural Fibers 248 8.3 Processing of PP/Plant-Based Fiber Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 252 8.4 Characterization and Properties of Plant-Based Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 256 8.5 Applications of Plant-Based Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 267 8.6 Future Perspectives and the Global Market 274 8.7 Conclusion 275 References 276 9 Polypropylene Composite with Oil Palm Fibers: Method Development, Properties and Applications 287Muhammad Shahid Nazir, Mohd Azmuddin Abdullah and Muhammad Rafi Raza 9.1 Introduction 288 9.2 Method Development 289 9.3 Composite Properties 301 9.4 Applications 305 9.5 The Way Forward 309 References 310 10 Interfacial  Modification  of Polypropylene-Based Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites  315Yekta Karaduman and Nesrin Sahbaz Karaduman 10.1 Introduction 316 10.2 Natural Fibers 317 10.3 Fiber-Matrix Interface 320 10.4 Interfacial Modification of PP-Based Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 327 10.5 Conclusions and Future Trends 342 References 343 Index 000