Introduction xliii Chapter 1 Technician Essentials and Computer/Device Anatomy 101 2     Foundation Topics 3     The Essential Parts of Any Computer or Mobile Device 3         Front and Rear Views of a Desktop PC 3         All Around a Laptop Computer 7         All-in-One Computers 9         Smartphones and Tablets 9         Quick Reference to PC and Mobile Components 10     Hardware, Software, and Firmware 12         Hardware 12         Software 12         Firmware 13         Why Hardware, Software, and Firmware Are Important to Understand 13     The CompTIA Six-Step Troubleshooting Theory 13     Technician Tools and Equipment 14         Basic Tools and Supplies for Assembly/Disassembly of Computers 14         System and Electrical Testing Tools 15         Network Installation and Configuration Tools 15         Printer Maintenance Tools 16         Software and Operating Systems 16         Spare Parts and Equipment to Test 16     Important Websites 17     Exam Preparation Tasks 18 Chapter 2 Configure and Use BIOS/UEFI Tools 26     Foundation Topics 27     BIOS/UEFI Configuration 27         Accessing the BIOS Setup Program 27         UEFI and Traditional BIOS 28         BIOS Settings Overview 29         Automatic Configuration of BIOS/CMOS Settings 31         Main Menu 32         Main/Standard Features/Settings 33         Discovering System Information 33         Boot Settings and Boot Sequence 34         Integrated Ports and Peripherals 35             SATA Configuration 35             USB Host Adapters and Charging Support 35             Audio and Ethernet Ports 36         Power Management 37         Monitoring 38         Processor and Memory Configuration 39         Virtualization Support 40         Security Features 41         Exiting BIOS and Saving/Discarding Changes 42     Flash Upgrade BIOS 43         Flash BIOS Update 44     Using BIOS/UEFI Diagnostics 46     Exam Preparation Tasks 47 Chapter 3 Motherboard Components 54     Foundation Topics 55     ATX, ITX, and Smaller Sizes 55         ATX and microATX 55         ITX Family 57         Comparing ATX, MicroATX, and Mini-ITX Motherboards 58     Expansion Slot Types 59         PCI Slots 59         PCI-X Slots 59         PCIe (PCI Express) Slots 60     RAM Sockets 63     CPU Sockets 64     Chipsets 64     CMOS Battery 65     Power Connectors 66     Fan Connectors 66     Front and Top Panel Connectors 67     Bus Speeds 69     Installing Motherboards 69         Step-by-Step Motherboard Removal 69         Preparing the Motherboard for Installation 72         Step-by-Step Motherboard Installation 72     Exam Preparation Tasks 74 Chapter 4 RAM Types and Features 82     Foundation Topics 83     Memory Upgrade Considerations 83     RAM Types 84         SRAM 84         SDRAM 84         DDR SDRAM 84         DDR2 SDRAM 84         DDR3 SDRAM 85         Parity vs Non-Parity 87         ECC vs non-ECC Memory 87         Buffered (Registered) vs Unbuffered 88     SO-DIMM vs DIMM 88     RAM Configurations 90         Single-Channel 90         Dual-Channel 90         Triple-Channel 90         Quad-Channel 91     Single-Sided vs Double-Sided 91     RAM Compatibility 91     Installing Memory 91         Preparations for Installing DIMM Memory 92     Exam Preparation Tasks 95 Chapter 5 PC Expansion Cards 102     Foundation Topics 103     Expansion Card and Slot Overview 103     Installing Sound Cards 103         Installing a USB Audio Device 104         Configuring a Sound Card with Windows 105         Configuring a Sound Card with OS X 105         Configuring a Sound Card with Linux 105     Installing Video Cards 105         BIOS Configuration 106         Removing Drivers for an Old Video Card or Onboard Video 107         Removing the Old Video Card 107         Video Card Physical Installation 109         Driver Installation 110     Installing Network Cards 110     Installing USB Cards 111     Installing FireWire Cards 112     Installing Thunderbolt Cards 113     Installing Storage Cards 114     Installing Modem Cards 114     Installing Wireless/Cellular Cards 115     Installing TV Tuner Cards 118     Installing Video Capture Cards 118     Installing Riser Cards 119         Speakers 119         Display Devices 121     Exam Preparation Tasks 123 Chapter 6 Storage Devices 130     Foundation Topics 131     Optical Drive Features and Capacities 131         CD-ROM / CD-RW 131         DVD Recordable and Rewriteable Standards 131         Blu-ray (BD) 132         Drive Speed Ratings 133         Recording Files to Optical Discs 133             Creating Optical Discs in Windows 133             Using Third-Party Optical Disc Mastering Programs for Windows 135             Using Third-Party Drag-and-Drop File Copying Programs 135             Burning Discs in OS X 136             Burning Discs in Linux 136     Magnetic Hard Disk Drives 137         Form Factors 137         Spin Rate 138         Internal Hard Disk Drive, SSD, and Optical Drive Installation 139         Installing an eSATA Hard Disk 142     Flash Drives 144         Flash Card Reader 146     Solid State Drives 148         SSD 148         Hybrid 150         eMMC 150     Hot-Swappable Drives 150         Safely Ejecting a Drive in Windows 150         Safely Ejecting a USB Drive in Mac OS X 151         Safely Ejecting a USB Drive in Linux 152     RAID Types 152         Creating an SATA RAID Array 153     Tape Drive 156         Tape Drive Capacities 156     Exam Preparation Tasks 157 Chapter 7 CPUs 164     Foundation Topics 165     Processor Characteristics 165         Speeds 165         Overclocking 166         Cores 167         Cache Size/Type 167         Hyper-Threading (HT Technology) 168         Virtualization Support 168         Architecture (32-bit vs. 64-bit) 168         Integrated GPU 169             Intel HD Graphics from Clarkdale to Ivy Bridge 169             Intel HD Graphics for Haswell Processors 169             Intel HD Graphics for Broadwell Processors 170             Intel HD Graphics for Skylake Processors 170         AMD APU Graphics 170         Execute Disable Bit (EDB) 171     Socket Types 171         Intel 172             Land Grid Array Sockets 172             Processor Code Names 173             LGA 775 174             LGA 1366 175             LGA 1156 176             LGA 1155 176             LGA 1150 177             LGA 2011 178         AMD 179             mPGA Sockets 179             Socket AM3 180             Socket AM3+ 181             Socket FM1 181             Socket FM2 182             Socket FM2+ 183     Cooling 183         Heat Sink 183         Fans 184         Phase-Change Material/Thermal Paste 184         Liquid-Based Cooling 186         Fanless/Passive Heat Sink 187     CPU Installation 187         Intel Processors 187             Intel Processor Removal 187             Intel Processor Installation 188         AMD Processors 190             AMD Processor Removal 190             AMD Processor Installation 191     Exam Preparation Tasks 193 Chapter 8 Ports and Interfaces 200     Foundation Topics 201     Rear Panel Port Clusters 201     USB 202         USB 1.1 and 2.0 204         USB 3.0 205         USB 3.1 206         USB Adapters 207     FireWire (IEEE 1394) 209         FireWire 400 210         FireWire 800 210     SATA and eSATA 211         SATA Configuration and Cabling 212     Thunderbolt 214     Video 215         VGA 216         DVI 216         DVI and Copy Protection 218         HDMI 218         DisplayPort 219             DisplayPort Versions 219             DisplayPort and Thunderbolt 219         RCA 220         S-Video (Mini-DIN 4) 220         Mini-DIN 6 220         Component 220         BNC Coaxial 221         Video Adapters and Converters 222             Thunderbolt to DVI 222             HDMI to VGA 222             DVI to HDMI 222             DVI-I to VGA 222     Audio 224         Analog 224         SPDIF (Digital) 225     PS/2 226         PS/2 Keyboard Port 226         PS/2 Mouse Port 226         PS/2 Combo Port 226     Exam Preparation Tasks 227 Chapter 9 Designing and Building Custom PC Configurations 236     Foundation Topics 237     Custom PC Configurations 237         Graphic / CAD / CAM Design Workstation 237         Audio/Video Editing Workstation 238         Virtualization Workstation 240         Gaming PC 240         Home Theater PC 242         Standard Thick Client 244         Thin Client 244         Home Server PC 245     Evaluating Onboard Components 246         General System Information 246         Processor Information and Hardware-Assisted Virtualization Readiness 247     Installing Power Supplies 248         Power Supply Ratings 248         Multivoltage Power Supplies 251         Power Supply Form Factors and Connectors 252         Removing and Replacing the Power Supply 256     Installing and Configuring Input, Output, and I/O Devices 259         Mouse 259             Pairing a Bluetooth Mouse (Windows) 260         Keyboard 261         Scanner 261         Barcode Reader 262         Biometric Devices 262         Game Pads and Joysticks 262         Digitizer 263         Motion Sensor 263         Touch Pads 264         Smart Card Readers 264         Digital Cameras 264             Installing a Digital Camera 264         Microphone 265             Installing and Configuring a Microphone 265         Webcam 266             Installing and Configuring a Webcam 266         Camcorder 267         Speakers 267         Touch Screen 268         KVM 268         Smart TV 269         Set-Top Box 269         Installing a MIDI-Enabled Device 270     Display Types 271         LCD Display Types 271             TN vs IPS 271             Fluorescent vs. LED Backlighting 271         Plasma 272         Data Projector 272             LCD Projectors 272             DLP Projectors 273         OLED 273     Video Display Settings and Features 273         Resolution 273         Refresh Rates and Frame Rates 276         Analog versus Digital Displays 277         Brightness/Lumens 277         Privacy and Antiglare Filters 277     Exam Preparation Tasks 278 Chapter 10 Using, Maintaining, and Installing Printers and Multifunction Devices 286     Foundation Topics 288     Laser Printers 288         Laser Components 288         Toner Cartridges 288         Laser Imaging Process 289             Step 1: Processing 290             Step 2: Charging 290             Step 3: Exposing 290             Step 4: Developing 290             Step 5: Transferring 290             Step 6: Fusing 291             Step 7: Cleaning 291         Color Laser Printing Differences 291         Laser Media Types 291         Laser Maintenance 292             Replacing Toner Cartridges 292             Installing Maintenance Kits 292             Resetting Paper Counts 292             Calibration 292             Cleaning 293     Inkjet Printers 293         Inkjet Components 294         Inkjet Printing Process 294         Inkjet Media Types 295         Inkjet Maintenance 296             Replacing Ink Cartridges 296             Calibration 297             Nozzle Check and Head Cleaning 297     Thermal Printers 298         Thermal Feed Assembly and Heating Element 298         Thermal Printer Ribbons 299         Thermal Print Process 299         Thermal Paper and Media 300         Thermal Maintenance 300             Cleaning Heating Elements 300             Removing Debris 301     Impact Printers 301         Impact Components and Print Process 301         Impact Dot-Matrix Print Heads 302         Impact Printer Ribbons 302         Impact Printer Paper Types 303         Impact Printer Maintenance 303             Replacing the Ribbon 303             Replacing the Print Head 303             Replacing Paper 304     Virtual Printers 304         Print to File 304         Print to PDF or XPS 305             Print to PDF or XPS in Windows 305             Print to PDF in OS X 305             Print to PDF in Linux 305         Print to Image 305             Print to Image for Windows 306             Print to Image for OS X 306             Ghostscript (Linux, OS X, and Windows) 306     Installing Your Printer or Multifunction Device 306         Printer/Multifunction Device Installation for Windows 306             Using Add Printer (Windows 7/8/8.1) 306             Installing a Printer with a Vendor-Supplied Driver 307         Printer/Multifunction Device Installation for OS X 307         Printer/Multifunction Device Installation for Linux 309         Printer/Multifunction Device Installation for iOS and Android 310     Configuring Your Printer or Multifunction Device 311         Configuring Printer Settings in Windows 311         Configuring Printer Settings in OS X 313         Configuring Printer Settings in Linux 314         Configuring Printer Settings in iOS and Android 315     Device Sharing Options 315         Integrated Ethernet Print/Multifunction Device Sharing 316         Adding Ethernet Print/Multifunction Device Sharing 316     Wireless Device Sharing Options 317         Bluetooth 317         802.11(a,b,g,n,ac) 317         Infrastructure vs. Ad Hoc 318             Ad-Hoc Wireless Network Support in Windows 318             Ad-Hoc Wireless Network Support in OS X 318             Ad Hoc Wireless Networking Support in Linux 318             Wireless Hosted Networking 318     Cloud and Remote Printing 319         Using Public and Shared Devices 319         Using Apps 319     Configuring Your Operating System to Share a Printer or Device 320         Windows Print Sharing 320         TCP/IP 320         Bonjour 320         AirPrint 321     Maintaining Data Privacy 321         Using User Authentication 321         Using Hard Drive Caching 321     Exam Preparation Tasks 322 Chapter 11 Networking 330     Foundation Topics 331     Network Cable and Connector Types and Characteristics 331         Fiber 331         Twisted-Pair 332             TP Cable Grades 332             Shielded Twisted-Pair (STP) versus Unshielded Twisted-Pair (UTP) 333             T568B (EIA-568B) and T568A (EIA-568A) Standards 333             RJ-45 Versus RJ-11 335         Coaxial 336             Legacy 10Mbps Ethernet Coaxial Cable Standards 336             RG-59 and RG-6 Coaxial Cable 337         Plenum and PVC 339     TCP/IP 339         IPv4 339             Class A, B, and C IP Address Ranges 340             Using Subnetting 341             Using CIDR 341             Public and Private IP Addresses 342             APIPA IP Addresses 342         IPv6 342             IPv6 Addressing 343             IPv6 Address Types 343             Viewing IP Address Information 344         Dynamic versus Static IP Addresses 345             Client-Side DHCP Settings 346             TCP/IP Alternate Configuration 347             Client-Side IP and DNS Addresses 347             Client-Side DNS Configuration 348             TCP/IP User-Configured Advanced Settings 349             Gateway 350     TCP and UDP Ports, Protocols, and Purposes 350         FTP 351         SSH 352         Telnet 352         SMTP 352         DNS 353         HTTP/HTTPS 353         POP3 353         IMAP 353         SMB/CIFS 354         AFP 354         Remote Desktop Protocol 354         SSL 354         TLS 354         HTML 354         DHCP 355         SNMP 355         LDAP 356     WiFi (Wi-Fi) Network and Encryption Standards 356         Wi-Fi Standards 356             Understanding MIMO 357         Wi-Fi Encryption Types 358             WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) 358             WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) 358             WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2) 358             WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) 358     Configure SOHO Wired or Wireless Router 359         Channels 359         NAT 360         Port Forwarding, Port Triggering, and DNAT 360         DMZ 361         DHCP 362         Basic QoS 363         UPnP 363         Firmware 363     Internet Connection Types 364         Cable 364         DSL 366         Dial-up 367             Modem Technologies and Types 368             Requirements for a Dial-Up Internet Connection 369             Creating a Dial-Up Connection 369         Fiber 370         Satellite 371         ISDN 371             ISDN Hardware 371             Setting Up an ISDN Connection 372         Line of Sight Wireless 372     Network Types 372         LAN 372         WAN 372         MAN 373         PAN 373     Network Architecture Devices 373         Hub 373         Switch 373         Router 374         Wireless Access Point 375         Bridge 375         Modem 375         Firewall 375         Patch Panel 375         Repeaters/Extenders 376         Power Over Ethernet 377     Using Networking Tools 378         Cutting Tool 378         Cable Stripper 378         Crimper 379         Punchdown Tool 379         Multimeter 379         Tone Generator and Probe 380         Cable Tester 380         Loopback Plug 380         Wi-Fi Analyzer 381     Exam Preparation Tasks 382 Chapter 12 Mobile Devices 394     Foundation Topics 395     Install and Configure Laptop Hardware and Components 395         ExpressCard 395         SODIMM Memory 396         Flash Memory 398         Ports and Adapters 398     Replace Laptop Components 400         Battery 403         Keyboard 404         Storage (HDD) and Optical Drives 405         Memory 407         Smart Card Reader 408         Wireless Card 409         Screen 411         DC Jack 412         Touchpad 414         Plastics/Frames 414         Speaker 415         System Board 416         CPU and Heat Sink 417     Laptop Display Components 420         LCD 420             Fluorescent versus LED Backlighting 420             IPS versus TN Panels 420         OLED 420         Wi-Fi Antenna Connector/Placement 420         Webcam 421         Microphone 421         Inverter 421         Digitizer 422     Using Laptop Features 422         Special Function Keys 422         Docking Station 424         Laptop and Cable Locks 425         Rotating/Removable Screens 426     Characteristics of Other Mobile Devices 427         Tablets 427         Smartphones 427         Wearable Technology Devices 427         Phablets 428         E-Readers 428         Smart Camera 428         GPS 428     Accessories and Ports Used by Other Mobile Devices 428         NFC 428         Proprietary Vendor-Specific Ports (Communication/Power) 429         Lightning for Apple iOS 429         MicroUSB/MiniUSB for Android, Windows 429         Bluetooth 429         IR 430         Hotspot/Tethering 430         Headsets 430         Speakers 430         Game Pads 430         Tablet/Smartphone Docking Stations 430         Extra Battery Packs/Battery Chargers 430         Protective Covers/Waterproofing 431         Credit Card Readers 431         Memory/MicroSD 431     Exam Preparation Tasks 432 Chapter 13 Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 442     Foundation Topics 443     Troubleshooting Motherboard, RAM, CPU, and Power Issues 443         Unexpected Shutdowns 443         System Lockups 443         POST Code Beeps 444             POST Error Messages 445         Blank Screen on Bootup 446         BIOS Time and Settings Resets 447         Attempts to Boot to Incorrect Device 448         Continuous Reboots 448         No Power 449             Power Supply Failure 449             Incorrect Front Panel Wiring Connections to the Motherboard 449             Loose or Missing Power Leads from Power Supply 449             Surge Suppressor or UPS Failure 449         Overheating 449         Overloading 449             Fan Failure 450             Inadequate Airflow Outside the System 450             Inadequate Airflow Inside the System 450             Dirt and Dust 452             Installing/Replacing Case Fans 453         Loud Noise 453         Intermittent Device Failure 453         Fans Spin–No Power to Other Devices 454         Indicator Lights 454         Smoke or Burning Smells 454         Step-by-Step Power Supply Troubleshooting 454         Distended Capacitors 455         Proprietary Crash Screens (BSOD/Pin wheel) 456     Recommended Tools 456         Multimeter 457         Power Supply Tester 460         Loopback Plugs 461         POST Card and POST Hex Codes 461     Troubleshooting Hard Drives and RAID Arrays 463         Read/Write Failure 463         Slow Performance 463         Loud Clicking Noise 465         Failure to Boot 465         Drive Not Recognized 465         OS Not Found 466         RAID Not Found 467         RAID Stops Working 467         Proprietary Crash Screens (BSOD/PinWheel) 467         S.M.A.R.T. Errors 467             When Should You Check SMART Attributes? 468         Recommended Hardware and Software Tools 468             Screwdriver 468             Drive Enclosures 468             Windows-Based Disk Tools 470             Recycle Bin 470         Defragmentation 471         CHKDSK (Error-Checking) 472             Using Hard Disk Diagnostics 473             Using Data Recovery Software 475     Troubleshooting Video, Projector, and Display Issues 475         VGA Mode 475         No Image on Screen 476             Laptop/Tablet/Convertible 2-1 476             Desktop Computer 476             Projector 476         Overheat Shutdown 476         Dead Pixels 477         Artifacts 477         Incorrect Color Patterns 477         Dim Image 478         Flickering Image 478         Distorted Image 478         Distorted Geometry 478         Burn-In 479             LCD Displays 479             Plasma Displays 480         Oversized Images and Icons 480     Network Troubleshooting 482         No Connectivity 482         APIPA/Link-Local Address 483         Limited Connectivity/Local Connectivity 483         Local Connectivity 483         Intermittent Connectivity 484         IP Conflict 484         Slow Transfer Speeds 484         Low RF Signal 484         SSID Not Found 485         Quick Reference to Network Hardware Tools 485     Overview of Network Command-Line Tools 485         PING 486         IPCONFIG 487         IFCONFIG 487         TRACERT 488         NETSTAT 489         NBTSTAT 489         NET 489         NETDOM 489         NSLOOKUP 490     Mobile Device Troubleshooting 490         No Display 490         Dim Display 491         Flickering Display 491         Sticking Keys 491         Intermittent Wireless 492         Battery Not Charging 492         Ghost Cursor/Pointer Drift 492         No Power 493         Num Lock Indicator Lights 493         No Wireless Connectivity 493         No Bluetooth Connectivity 494         Cannot Display to External Monitor 494         Touchscreen Non-Responsive 494         Apps Not Loading 495         Slow Performance 495         Unable to Decrypt Email 495         Extremely Short Battery Life 495         Overheating 495         Frozen System 496         No Sound from Speakers 496         GPS Not Functioning 496         Swollen Battery 496     Mobile Device Disassembly Process 496         Document and Label Cable and Screw Locations 496         Organize Parts 497         Refer to Manufacturer Resources 497         Use Appropriate Hand Tools 498     Printer Troubleshooting 499         Streaks 499             Laser Printer 499             Inkjet Printer 499             Thermal Printers 499             Impact Printers 500         Faded Prints 500             Laser Printers 500             Inkjet Printers 500             Thermal Printers 500             Impact Printers 500         Ghost Images 500         Toner Not Fused to the Paper 500         Creased Paper 500         Paper Not Feeding 501         Paper Jam 501             Paper Path Issues 501             Paper Loading, Paper Type, and Media Thickness Issues 501             Media Caught Inside the Printer 501         No Connectivity 502         Garbled Characters on Paper 502         Vertical Lines on Page 502         Backed-Up Print Queue 502             Releasing a Print Queue 503             Clearing Select Print Jobs or All Print Jobs in a Queue 503         Low-Memory Errors 503         Access Denied 504         Printer Will Not Print 504         Color Prints in Wrong Print Color 505         Unable to Install Printer 506         Error Codes 506         Printing Blank Pages 507         No Image on Printer Display 507         Using Printer Troubleshooting Tools 508     Exam Preparation Tasks 509 Chapter 14 Windows Operating Systems Features and Installation 522     Foundation Topics 523     Differences Between Windows Versions 523         Windows Vista, Windows 7, and Windows 8/8.1 Features Compared 523         Windows Desktop (Aero, Aero Glass, Sidebar, Gadgets, Start Screen, Start Menu) 525         Control Panel Views 527         Shadow Copy 528         Compatibility Mode 529             Starting Program Compatibility Wizard in Windows 8/8.1 529             Starting Program Compatibility Wizard in Windows 7 529             Using Program Compatibility Wizard in Windows 7/8/8.1 529             Program Compatibility Wizard in Windows Vista 530         Virtual XP Mode 531         Administrative Tools 532         Modern UI 532         Side-by-Side Apps 533         Pinning Programs to the Taskbar 534         OneDrive Cloud Storage 534         Windows Store 535         Multi-monitor Task Bars 536         Charms 536         Live Sign In 536         Action Center 536         File Structure and Paths 537             Libraries 538             32-Bit Versus 64-Bit File Structure and Paths 538         Windows Upgrade Paths 538     Boot Methods 541     Installation Types 541             Upgrade Installation 542             Clean Install 542             Multiboot Installation 543             Repair Installation 544             Unattended Installation 545             Remote Network Installation 546             Image Deployment 546     Partitioning Methods 547         Partitioning Overview 548             MBR Versus GPT Partition Types 548             Disk Preparation Using MBR 549             Partitioning Using GPT 549             Dynamic and Basic Disks 549             Creating Partitions During Windows Vista/7/8/8.1/10 Installation 550     Windows File Systems 551         FAT32 551         exFAT (FAT64) 552             NTFS 553             Converting a Drive’s File System with CONVERT.EXT 554             Quick Formatting versus Full Formatting 554     Configuring Windows During/After Installation 555         Loading Alternative Drivers 555         Workgroup vs Domain Setup 555         Time/Date/Language/Region Settings 555         Installing Drivers, Software, Updates 555         Using Windows Update and Microsoft Update 555         Installing Service Packs Manually 557     Using the Factory Recovery Partition 559     Refresh and Reset (Windows 8/8.1/10) 559     Characteristics of a Properly Formatted Boot Drive 560     Exam Preparation Tasks 561 Chapter 15 Managing Microsoft Windows 570     Foundation Topics 571     Command-Line Tools 571         Commands Available with Standard Privileges vs. Administrative Privileges 572         Starting a Command Prompt Session with CMD.EXE 572         Using Wildcards to Specify a Range of Files 574         TASKKILL 574         BOOTREC 575         SHUTDOWN 575         TASKLIST 577         MKDIR, CHDIR, and RMDIR (MD, CD, and RD) 577         DEL 578         FORMAT 578             Using FORMAT with USB Flash and Removable-Media Drives 579             Formatting Drives with Windows Explorer and File Explorer 579             Using FORMAT from the Command Prompt 579         COPY 580         XCOPY 580         ROBOCOPY 581         Diskpart 582         SFC 583         CHKDSK 583         GPUPDATE 584         GPRESULT 584         DIR 584         EXIT 585         HELP 585         EXPAND 585         Command /? 585     Microsoft Administrative Tools 585         Computer Management (MMC) 586         Using Device Manager 587         Performance Monitor 591         Services (Services.msc) 592         Task Scheduler 593         Create a Task in Windows 593         Print Management 595         Component Services 595         Data Sources (ODBC) 595         Local Security Policy 595         Windows Memory Diagnostics 595     Task Manager 596     MSCONFIG 598     Disk Management 600         Drive Status 600         Initializing a Disk 601         Creating a New Simple Volume 601         Extending Partitions 602         Shrink Partitions 602         Splitting Partitions 602         Mounting a Drive 603         Assigning/Changing Drive Letters 604         Adding Arrays 604     Storage Spaces 605     Windows Upgrade Tools 607         Windows Easy Transfer (WET) 608         User State Migration Tool (USMT) 609     System Utilities 609         Using REGEDIT 610             Making Changes to the Registry by Importing a Text File 610             Backing Up the Registry Before Editing 611         COMMAND 611         MSTSC (Remote Desktop Connection) 612             Compatibility with MSTSC Connections 612             Configuring Remote Settings on the Host Computer 612             Starting MSTSC and Connecting to a Remote Computer 612         NOTEPAD 614         EXPLORER 614             Windows Explorer (Windows Vista/7) 614             File Explorer (Windows 8/8.1/10) 616             Displaying Drives, Files, and Folders 616             Libraries (Windows 7/8/8.1/10) 617         MSINFO32 (System Information) 618         DXDIAG (DirectX Diagnostics) 619         System Restore 620         Creating a Restore Point 620             Restoring Your System to an Earlier Condition 620             Configuring System Restore Options 621             What to Try Before Using System Restore 621         Windows Update 621     Control Panel Utilities 621         Starting Control Panel 622         Category and Icon Views 622         Shortcuts to Control Panel Functions 625         Display/Display Settings 626         Folder Options 628         System 629             Performance (Virtual Memory) Settings 630         Power Options 632             Hibernate 632             Sleep/Suspend/Standby 632         Power Plans 632         Programs and Features 634         HomeGroup (Windows 7/8/8.1/10) 635         Devices and Printers 635         Sound 636         Troubleshooting 636         Internet Options 637     Exam Preparation Tasks 638     Chapter 16 Networking Microsoft Windows 648     Foundation Topics 649         Homegroup vs. Workgroup 649         Workgroup Networking 649             Creating a Workgroup 649         HomeGroup Networking 650             Creating a Homegroup 651     Domain Setup 652         Network Shares 652         Sharing a Folder 653         Joining a Homegroup and Custom File Sharing 653     Mapped Drive Letters 654     Administrative Shares 656     Printer Sharing versus Network Printer Mapping 656         Establish Networking Connections 657         VPN Connections 657         Dial-Up Connections 658         Wireless Connections 659         Wired Connections 660     WWAN (Cellular) Connections 660     Proxy Settings 660     Remote Desktop Connection and Remote Assistance 661         Home vs. Work vs. Public Network Settings 663         Windows 7 Network Locations 663     Windows 8/8.1 Network Locations 664         Firewall Settings 666         Enabling/Disabling Windows Firewall 666         Exceptions 667     Configuration 667     Configuring an Alternative IP Address in Windows 669         Network Card Properties 670         QoS (Quality of Service) 670         Half Duplex/Full Duplex/Auto 671         Speed 671         Wake-on-LAN 672         BIOS (on-board NIC) 673     Exam Preparation Tasks 674 Chapter 17 Operational Procedures 682     Foundation Topics 683     Using Appropriate Safety Procedures 683         Equipment Grounding 683         Component Handling and Storage 684             Antistatic Bags 685             ESD Straps 686             ESD Mats 687             Self-Grounding 688         Toxic Waste Handling 688             Recycling Batteries 688             Toner 689             CRT Displays 689         Personal Safety 690             Disconnect Power First 690             Remove Jewelry 690             Lifting Techniques 690             Weight Limitations 690             Electrical Fire Safety 690             Cable Management 691             Safety Goggles 691             Air Filter Mask 691         Compliance with Local Government Regulations 691     Applying Environmental Controls 692         Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) 692         Temperature, Humidity, and Air 693         Power Surges, Brownouts, and Blackouts 693             Power Surges and Surge Suppressors 694             Blackouts, Brownouts, and Battery Backup Units 694     Addressing Prohibited Content or Activity 695         Incident Response 695             First Response 696         Documentation 696         Chain of Custody 696     Licensing/DRM/EULA 696         DRM 697         EULA 697         Understanding Open Source and Commercial Licenses 697     Personal versus Enterprise Licenses 698     Personally Identifiable Information 698     Following Corporate End-User Policies and Security Best Practices 700     Communication Methods and Professionalism 700         Use Proper Language 701         Maintain a Positive Attitude/Project Confidence 701         Actively Listen to the Customer 701         Be Culturally Sensitive 701         Be Punctual 701         Avoid Distractions 701         Dealing with Difficult Customers or Situations 702     Setting and Meeting Expectations/Timeline and Communicating with the Customer 702         Dealing Appropriately with Customers’ Confidential and Private Materials 702     Exam Preparation Tasks 703 Chapter 18 OS X and Linux 712     Foundation Topics 713     Best Practices 713         Scheduled Backups 713         Scheduled Disk Maintenance 714         System Updates/App Store 714         Patch Management 715         Driver/Firmware Updates 715         Antivirus/Antimalware Updates 716     Tools 716         Backup/Time Machine 716             Configuring Time Machine 716             Using Disk Utility in OS X 717             Configuring a Backup App in Linux 718         Restore/Snapshot 719         Image Recovery 719         Disk Maintenance Utilities 720         Shell/Terminal 720         Screen Sharing 721         Force Quit 721             Force Quit in OS X 722             Force Quit in OS X or Linux Terminal 722     Features 723         Multiple Desktops/Mission Control 723         Spotlight 723         iCloud 724         Keychain 724         Gestures 725         Finder 725         Remote Disc 725         Dock 726         Boot Camp 726     Basic Linux Commands 726         ls 726         grep 727         cd 728         shutdown 728         pwd vs. passwd 728         mv 728         cp 728         rm 728         chmod 729         chown 729         iwconfig/ifconfig 730         ps 730         su/sudo 730         apt-get 730         vi 730         dd 730     Exam Preparation Tasks 732 Chapter 19 Virtualization, Cloud Computing, and Network Services 740     Foundation Topics 741     Client-Side Virtualization Overview 741         Host/Guest Virtualization 742         Hypervisor 743         Purpose of Virtual Machines 743         Resource Requirements 744         Emulator Requirements 745             Checking for BIOS/UEFI and Processor Support for Virtualization 745         Security Requirements 745         Network Requirements 746     Identify Basic Cloud Concepts 746         SaaS 746         PaaS 747         IaaS 748         Public vs. Private vs. Hybrid vs. Community 748         Rapid Elasticity 748         On-Demand 748         Resource Pooling 748         Measured Service 748     Properties and Purposes of Network Services–Server Roles 749         Web Server 749         File Server 749         Print Server 749         DHCP Server 749         DNS Server 749         Proxy Server 750         Mail Server 750         Authentication Server 750     Internet Appliances 750         UTM 750         IDS 750         IPS 751     Legacy and Embedded Systems 751     Exam Preparation Tasks 752 Chapter 20 Mobile Operating Systems and Devices 758     Foundation Topics 759     Android vs iOS vs Windows Features 759         Open-Source vs. Closed-Source/Vendor-Specific 759             Open-Source: Android 759             Closed-Source: iOS and Windows 10 Mobile 761         App Source (Apple Store, Google Play Store, and Windows Store) 763         Screen Orientation and Calibration (Accelerometer/Gyroscope) 764         GPS and Geotracking 767         Wi-Fi Calling 768         Launcher/GUI 768             Rearranging Tiles in iOS, Android, or Windows 10 Mobile 769             Creating a Folder in iOS 769             Creating a Folder in Android 769         Virtual Assistant 770         SDK/APK 771         Emergency Notification 772         Mobile Payment Service 772     Mobile Device Connectivity 772         Wireless / Cellular Data Network 772             Tethering 773             Hotspot 773             Airplane Mode 774         Bluetooth 775             Steps to Configure a Bluetooth Headset on an Android-Based Device 776             Steps to Configure a Bluetooth Headset on an iOS-Based Device 778     Email Configuration 778         Corporate and ISP Email Configuration 778             Connecting to IMAP or Exchange Servers 780         Integrated Commercial Provider Email Configuration 780     PRI Updates/PRL Updates/Baseband Updates 780     Radio Firmware 780     IMEI vs IMSI 781     VPN 781         Data Synchronization 781         Synchronization Methods 782         Cloud-Based Synchronization 782         Desktop-Based Synchronization 783         Email Synchronization 783         Software Requirements for Synchronization Software 783         Connection Types for Synchronization Software 783     Exam Preparation Tasks 784 Chapter 21 Security 790     Foundation Topics 791     Common Security Threats and Vulnerabilities 791         Malware 791             Spyware 791             Viruses 792             Worms 792             Trojan Horse 792             Rootkits 792             Ransomware 793         Phishing 793         Spear Phishing 793         Spoofing 793         Social Engineering 794         Shoulder Surfing 794         Zero-Day Attack 794         Zombie/Botnet 794         Brute Forcing 794         Dictionary Attacks 794         Non-Compliant Systems 794         Violations of Security Best Practices 795         Tailgating 795         Man-in-the-Middle 795     Common Prevention Methods 795         Physical Security 796             Lock doors 796             Mantrap 796             Cable Locks 796             Securing Physical documents/Passwords/Shredding 796             Biometrics 797             ID Badges 797             RFID Badge 797             Key Fobs 797             Smart Card 797             Tokens 798             Privacy Filters 798             Entry Control Roster 798         Digital Security 798             Antivirus/Anti-malware 798             Firewalls 799             User Authentication/Strong Passwords 799             Multifactor Authentication 799             Directory Permissions 800             VPN 800             DLP 800             Disabling Ports 800             Access Control Lists 800             Smart Card 801             E-mail Filtering 801             Trusted/Untrusted Software Sources 801         User Education/AUP (Acceptable Use Policy) 801         Principle of Least Permission 802     Windows Basic Security Settings 802         Users and Groups 803         NTFS vs Share Permissions 803             Moving and Copying Folders and Files 803             File Attributes 804         Shared Files and Folders 804             Administrative Shares vs Local Shares 804             Permission Inheritance and Propagation 804         System Files and Folders 805         User Authentication 805         BitLocker and BitLocker to Go 805         EFS 806     Best Security Practices for Workstations 806         Password Best Practices 807             Setting Strong Passwords 807             Password Expiration 807             Changing Default User Names/Passwords 807             Screensaver Required Password 807             BIOS/UEFI Passwords 807             Requiring Passwords 808         Account Management 808             Restricting User Permissions 808             Login Time Restrictions 809             Disabling Guest Account 809             Failed Attempts Lockout 809             Timeout/Screen Lock 809         Disabling Autorun 809         Using Data Encryption 810         Patch/Update Management 810     Securing Mobile Devices 810         Screen Locks 810         Locator Applications 811         Remote Wipes 811         Remote Backup Applications 812         Failed Login Attempts Restrictions 812         Antivirus/Anti-malware 812         Patching/OS Updates 812         Biometric Authentication 813         Full Device Encryption 813         Multifactor Authentication 813         Authenticator Applications 813         Trusted Sources vs. Untrusted Sources 814         Firewalls 814         Policies and Procedures 814         BYOD versus Corporate Owned Devices 814         Profile Security Requirements 814     Data Destruction and Disposal Methods 815         Physical Destruction Methods 815             Shredder 815             Drill / Hammer 815             Electromagnetic (Degaussing) 815             Incineration 815             Certificate of Destruction 815         Recycling or Repurposing Best Practices 815             Low-Level Format vs. Standard Format 815             Overwrite 816             Drive Wipe 816     SOHO Network Security 816         Wireless-Specific Security 816             Changing Default SSID 817             Setting Encryption 817             Disabling SSID Broadcast 818             Antenna and Access Point Placement 819             Radio Power Levels 819             Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) 819         Change Default Usernames and Passwords 819         Enable MAC Filtering 819         Assign Static IP Addresses 820         Firewall Settings 820         Port Forwarding/Mapping 820         Disabling Ports 820         Content Filtering / Parental Controls 820         Update Firmware 821         Physical Security 821     Exam Preparation Tasks 822 Chapter 22 Troubleshooting Desktop and Mobile Operating Systems 830     Foundation Topics 831     Troubleshooting Common Symptoms 831         Proprietary Crash Screens 831         Troubleshooting Windows STOP Errors (BSOD) 831             Causes of BSOD Errors 832             Researching Causes and Solutions 832         OS X Pin Wheel 833         Failure to Boot 834             Windows Boot Errors 834             Can’t Boot Linux 836             Can’t Boot OS X 838         Improper Shutdown (Windows) 839         Spontaneous Shutdown/Restart 839             Windows STOP (BSOD) Error Automatic Restart 839             OS X Kernel Panic Automatic Restart 840         Device Fails to Start/Detected (Windows) 841         Missing DLL Message (Windows) 841         Services Fail to Start 842             Windows 842             Linux 842             OS X 842         Compatibility Error (Windows) 842         Slow System Performance 843             Windows 843             Linux 843             OS X 844         Boots to Safe Mode (Windows) 844         File Fails to Open 844         Missing GRUB/LILO (Linux) 844         Kernel Panic (OS X/Linux) 845         Multiple Monitor Misalignment/Orientation 846             Windows 846             OS X 848             Linux 849         Missing Boot Configuration Data 850         Missing Operating System 850         Missing Graphical Interface 850         GUI Fails to Load (Windows) 851     Tools for Troubleshooting Software 851         BIOS/UEFI 851         SFC (Windows) 851         Logs 851         System Recovery Options (Windows) 852         Repair Discs 854         Pre-installation Environments 854         MSCONFIG (Windows) 855         DEFRAG 855         REGSVR32 (Windows) 855         REGEDIT (Windows) 855         Safe Mode (Windows) 855         Command Prompt (Windows) 859         Uninstall/Reinstall/Repair 859     Troubleshoot Mobile OS and Application Issues 859         System Lockout 860         Soft Reset 861         Hard Reset 861         Adjust Configurations/Settings 862     Mobile Devices and Application Security Issues 863         Signal Drop/Weak Signal 863         Power Drain 863         Slow Data Speeds 863         Unintended Wi-Fi Connection 864         Unintended Bluetooth Pairing 864         Leaked Personal Files/Data 864         Data Transmission Overlimit 864         Unauthorized Account Access 864         Unauthorized Root Access 864         Unauthorized Location Tracking 865         Unauthorized Camera/Microphone Activation 865         High Resource Utilization 865         Tools 866             Anti-Malware 866             App Scanner 866             Factory Reset/Clean Install 866             Uninstall/Reinstall Apps 867             Wi-Fi Analyzer 868             Force Stop 868             Cell Tower Analyzer 869             Backup/Restore 869             Apple Configurator 870             Google Sync 870     Troubleshooting PC Security Issues 870         Common Symptoms of Malware Infections 870         Tools 872     Best Practice Procedure for Malware Removal 873     Exam Preparation Tasks 874 Glossary 886 Online-only Elements: Appendix A CompTIA A+ Objectives Appendix B Memory Tables Appendix C Answers to Memory Tables 9780789756534, TOC, 6/22/2016     

Comprehensive A+ preparation, fully revised for the 2015 revisions to the A+ examsGives a real-world understanding of how to apply this knowledge and use the book as a workplace reference guideIncludes Hands-on lab exercises, real-world test preparation advice, and practice test engine to allow for at-home practice, lab exercises, and study notes