Intends to defend the European Enlightenment's secularization of political philosophy by promoting an understanding of Enlightenment secular liberalism and extending it to contemporary issues. The work argues for a different liberalism, as suggested by such contemporary thinkers as William Galston or Stephen Macedo.

1. Introduction.; 2. The Treaty of Atlantis: How Bacon, Hobbes, and Spinoza Laid the Groundwork For a Politics of Progress; 3. Legitimacy is History: Enlightenment Historiography and the Revision of Social Contract Theory; 4. American Encyclope-Deism: The Revolution and the Open Society - I; 5. The Well of the Caliph: The Revolution and the Open Society -II; 6. Paradise Won: Kant's Secular Contract; 7. Conclusion: Academic Counter-Enlightenment and the Recline of the West.

"With grace and considerable erudition, Alex Schulman has reconstructed what was the most significant political concept of the Enlightenment: that social and political life could only be grounded upon an agreement between all citizens, which excluded any consideration of religious belief not matter what the basis of its claims. The great democratic revolutions which we today associate with modernity were inexorably based on the unassailable claim that the social contract could only ever be a secular one.  In recent years this principle has come under attack not only from theocratic states hostile to the western liberal democracies but, even from within some of those democracies themselves, most alarmingly the United States.  In a world which has witnessed some of the most devastating  instances of sectarian violence since the sixteenth century, The Secular Contract, is a powerfully-argued, passionately-written account of where our true heritage lies, and a reminder that we abandon it at our peril." - Anthony Pagden, Distinguished Professor of Political Science, UCLA and author of Worlds at War. The 2500-Year Struggle between East and West.