The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Roundtable on Population Health Improvement has been focused on the subject of dependable resources for population health since its inception in 2013. On December 7, 2017, the roundtable convened a workshop to explore tax policy as it relates to advancing population health, health equity, and economic prosperity. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction2 Understanding the Basics of Tax Policy and State Budgets3 Creating a Pipeline of Financing for Population Health: Exploring Sin Taxes and Tax Credits4 Designing Sound Population Health Tax Policy: Small Group Activity5 Informing Sound Population Health Tax Policy in the Current Environment6 Reflections on the DayAppendix A: ReferencesAppendix B: Workshop AgendaAppendix C: Small Group Exercise MaterialsAppendix D: Biographical Sketches of Workshop Speakers and Moderators