This book offers an innovative analysis of the ways in which the relationship between citizens and welfare states - social citizenship - becomes more dynamic and multifaceted as a result of Europeanization and individualization.

Part 1: Citizenship in Contemporary Welfare States – Issues and Perspectives 1. Opening Citizenship: Why Do We Need a New Understanding of Social Citizenship? 2. From Active States to Active Citizenship? The Impact of Economic Openness and Transnational Governance 3. What Do We Mean by Active Citizenship? Part 2: Towards a New Balance of Rights and Duties – Activation Reform 4. Nordic Activation Reforms in a European Context: A Distinct Universalistic Model? 5. Individualizing Welfare Provision: The Integrated Approach of the Finnish Activation Reform 6. The Challenges of Decentralized Delivery of Services: The Scope for Active Citizenship in Swedish and Norwegian Activation Policies Part 3: The Increased Scope for Participation and Inclusion of Marginal Groups 7. Claiming Participation Rights: Social Mobilization and Citizenship in Denmark and Norway 8. Capabilities and Participation: Russian Women Immigrants in North Norway 9. Europeanization ‘From Below’: The OMC Process on Social Inclusion in the Swedish Welfare State Part 4: Marketization of Citizenship? Choice, Anti-Discrimination and Human Rights 10. Contrasting Legal Concepts of Active Citizenship: Europe and the Nordic Countries 11. Membership and Migration: Market Citizenship or European Citizenship? 12. Double Discrimination: Human Rights and Immigrant Women in Denmark within the Context of the Nordic Legal Tradition 13. From Disabling Barriers to Participation: The Opportunities Created by the EU Equality Strategy 14. Enlarging Freedom of Choice: Pension Reforms in the Nordic Countries and Germany 15. Conclusions: Remaking Social Citizenship in Nordic Welfare States