Based on in-depth studies of the relationship between expertise and democracy in Europe, this book presents a new approach to how the un-elected can be made safe for democracy. It addresses the challenge of reconciling modern governments’ need for knowledge with the demand for democratic legitimacy.

1. Introduction: Making the un-elected safe for democracy 2. Strategies for Repairing legitimacy deficits 3. Reasoned Administration: The European Union, the United States, and the project of democratic governance 4. Power, Money, Knowledge and the European Central Bank 5. Reputational Threats and Democratic Responsiveness of Regulatory Agencies 6. Accountability and Inter-institutional Respect: The case of independent regulatory agencies 7. Accountability beyond Control: How can parliamentary hearings connect the elected and the unelected? 8. Expertise and the General will in Democratic Republicanism 9. Values in Expert Reasoning: A pragmatic approach 10. Experts: From technocrats to representatives

"Is there a ‘legitimacy basis for the unelected’? Yes, say Erik O. Eriksen and the specialist authors in this must-read volume. In an age of scepticism about knowledge, we are reminded of the vital importance of ‘public reason’ as a basis for informed decision-making. We know that we cannot live without experts, but we also know we must legitimate expertise. This volume unlocks this conundrum, reinvigorating existing legal and institutional debates by re-asserting the political-philosophical foundations for legitimate action." Michelle Everson, Birkbeck College, University of London, UK."Experts and expertise are under attack. They are needed but lost their aura of impartiality. This book offers a democratic understanding of experts by building on the reasons-giving requirement. Erik O. Eriksen, a master of the intersection between empirical and normative analysis, has gathered a set of intriguing contributions by excellent scholars. The result is a timely contribution to one of the most challenging issues for our democracies."Michael Zürn, Berlin Social Science Center (WZB), Germany.