Some in the social sciences argue that the same logic applies to both qualitative and quantitative methods. This title discusses major differences between these two traditions that touch various aspects of social science research, including design, goals, causal effects and models, concepts and measurement, data analysis, and case selection.

Preface vii *1. Introduction 1 *2. Mathematical Prelude: A Selective Introduction to Logic and Set Theory for Social Scientists 16 I. CAUSAL MODELS AND INFERENCE *3. Causes-of-Effects versus Effects-of-Causes 41 *4. Causal Models 51 *5. Asymmetry 64 *6. Hume's Two Definitions of Cause 75 II. WITHIN-CASE ANALYSIS *7. Within-Case versus Cross-Case Causal Analysis 87 *8. Causal Mechanisms and Process Tracing 100 *9. Counterfactuals 115 III. CONCEPTS AND MEASUREMENT *10. Concepts: Definitions, Indicators, and Error 127 *11. Meaning and Measurement 139 *12. Semantics, Statistics, and Data Transformations 150 *13. Conceptual Opposites and Typologies 161 IV. RESEARCH DESIGN AND GENERALIZATION *14. Case Selection and Hypothesis Testing 177 *15. Generalizations 192 *16. Scope 205 *17. Conclusion 220 Appendix 227 Name Index 231 Subject Index 235

"For too long, qualitative research has been portrayed as the ill-mannered stepchild of quantitative research, hampered by its seemingly primitive analytic techniques and misplaced enthusiasm for understanding and interpreting 'cases.' A Tale of Two Cultures puts an end to this nonsense by highlighting the distinctiveness of qualitative research and contrasting it point by point with the quantitative approach. The book offers an accessible, comprehensive challenge to conventional views."—Charles Ragin, University of Arizona

"Goertz and Mahoney draw out for readers why the contrasting approaches to social science are appropriate given the overall goals and assumptions of the two paradigms, and then enable readers from both sides to see the alternative perspective and reconsider their own approach and goals. A Tale of Two Cultures offers a clear challenge to the fundamentals of how we do research."—Janet Box-Steffensmeier, Ohio State University

"I greatly admire this book. Goertz and Mahoney are widely respected innovators in qualitative methodology, and their mastery is evident in the range of topics covered, the ingenuity of their arguments, and the clear and confident prose that makes the book accessible to a wide audience. A Tale of Two Cultures will spark necessary and useful debate; it is a great contribution to political methodology."—David Waldner, University of Virginia

"A Tale of Two Cultures is beautifully written and compellingly argued. This terrific book will be widely read, taught, and cited."—Colin Elman, The Maxwell School of Syracuse University