AcknowledgmentsPreface: Social Meanings in LiteraturePart I: Studies on the European Drama and Novel from the Renaissance to the Threshold of Modernity1 The Spanish Dramatists Lope de Vega, 1562 1635 Calderon, 1600 16812 Cervantes, 1547 1616 Mobility: Sancho Panza Creativity: Dulcinea Property: The Gypsies Justice: Don Quixote3 Shakespeare's The Tempest The Concept of Human Nature Five Themes on the Island Secularized HumilityExcursus A: The Tempest, Act I, Scene 14 The Classical French Theater Corneille, 1606 1684 Racine, 1639 1699 Moliere, 1622 16735 From Werther to Wilhelm Meister Individualism and the Middle Class Werther: The Dislocated Individual Wilhelm Meister: The Integrated Individual World Literature and Popular Culture6 Henrik Ibsen, 1828 1906 Private Life and Social Forces The Dilemma of Freedom and NecessityExcursus B: Note on August Strindberg7 Knut Hamsun, 1860 1952 Nature Hero Worship Urban Society NihilismPart II: Studies on the German Novel in the Nineteenth Century8 Romanticism: Revolution Repressed9 "Young Germany": Prehistory of Bourgeois Consciousness10 Eduard Mo;rike: Troubled Embourgeoisement11 Gustav Freytag: Bourgeois Materialism12 Friedrich Spielhagen: Bourgeois Idealism13 Conrad Ferdinand Meyer: Apologia of the Upper Class14 Gottfried Keller: Bourgeois RepressionAfterword: From Helmut Dubiel, Editor of the German Edition of This Volume