2 Privatization and Deregulation in Western Europe 22 2. 2 Integrated Services Digital Network 33 3. 2 Telecoms Industry as a Strategic Industry for Systemic Transition 97 VI Telecommunications and Energy in Systemic Transformation 3. 2 Competition, Natural Monopoly and Economies of Scope 102 3.

A. Telecommunications in Western Europe: Liberalization, Technological Dynamics and Regulatory Developments.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Liberalization and Market Expansion in Telecommunications.- 3. Technological Dynamics.- 4. Regulatory Developments.- 5. Prospects and Consequences for Central and Eastern Europe.- B. Telecommunications in Systemic Transformation: Theoretical Issues and Policy Options.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Points of Departure in Eastern Europe.- 3. Theoretical Aspects of the Telecoms Industry.- 4. Policy Options for a Modern Telecoms Policy.- C. Modernization of Telecommunications in the Former GDR.- 1. Former GDR Telecommunications System.- 2. German Unification and Telecoms Modernization.- D. Recent Evolution of Telecommunications in the Region of Central Europe.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Telecommunication Administration.- 3. Legislative Framework.- 4. Development Strategy.- 5. Network Development.- 6. Private Local Operators.- 7. Privatization of National Operators.- 8. Tariffs.- 9. Cellular Telephony.- 10. Conclusions.- E. Modernizing Telecommunications in Central and Eastern Europe: A Business Perspective.- 1. Structural Reasons for the Current Eastern Demand for Telecommunications.- 2. Pumping Fresh Money into Old Structures is Not Enough.- 3. How to Attract Investors’ Interest.- 4. Special Networks (Overlay, Mobile, Wireless Local Loop).- 5. Regulators’ Possibilities and Contradictions.- 6. Siemens’s Role as Supplier and Local Manufacturer.- F. Telecommunications Reform in the United States: Promises and Pitfalls.- 1. Need for Pro-competitive Regulatory Reform, and the 1996 Telecommunications Act.- 2. Increasing the Reliance on Competition and Markets.- 3. Role for Government: Media Cross-ownership, Cable Rate Decontrol, Telephone-cableConsolidations.- 4. Role for Government: Telephone Competition.- 5. Reducing Cross-subsidies and Revamping Universal Service.- 6. Conclusion.- G. Regulation and Tariff Policies in the Energy and Telecommunications Sectors in the Transition Countries: The Case of the Czech Republic.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Features of the Energy Sector.- 3. Price Regulation and Tariffs in the Energy Sector.- 4. Telecommunications Sector Features.- 5. Regulation and Tariffs in the Telecommunications Sector.- 6. Situation and Approaches in CEC and EU.- 7. Conclusions.- H. The Process of Systemic Transformation and Reforms in the Energy Sector: The Regulatory Issues of the Reforms.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Systemic Transformation and Reforms in the Energy Industry.- 3. The Model of an Independent Regulation.- 4. Controversies Surrounding the Model of Independent Regulation.- 5. Regulatory Authority and Antimonopoly Office.- I. Restructuring and Regulatory Reform in the Polish Energy Sector: an Assessment.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Energy Sector in Poland.- 3. Policy during the Initial Phase of Economic Transition.- 4. Industrial Restructuring.- 5. Regulation.- 6. Conclusions.- J. Energy Law Developments in the European Union and Poland.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Energy Policy Developments.- 3. New Legislation.- Conclusion.- K. Institutional Choice or Muddling Through — Problems of Transformation in the Electricity Supply Industry in Russia.- 1. Institutional Choice in the Phase of Transformation.- 2. Models for Network-oriented Energy Sectors in the West.- 3. The ESI in Russia.- 4. Analysis of the Reform Process.- 5. Cooperation with Western Europe.- L. Co-operation in Energy Policies: European Union (EU) — Eastern Europe.- 1. Introduction.- 2. East-West Co-operation in the Electricity and GasSector.- 3. Transeuropean Networks (TEN).- 4. Summary.- M. Regulation and Systemic Transformation.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Process of Systemic Transformation and its Constitutive Characteristics.- 3. Regulation in Market Economies.- 4.Regulation in the Strict Sense of the Word.- 5. Regulation on the Way Back towards Capitalism.- 6. Regulation as an Element of the System Being Created: Some Normative Remarks and Suggestions.- List of Tables.- List of Figures.- List of Contributors.