Introduction Part 1: The Context of Rural Livelihoods and Poverty Reduction 1. Rural Livelihoods and Poverty Reduction: Themes and Policy Levers 2. Methodological Issues for Rural Poverty Reduction within the PRSP Framework Part 2: Evidence from Rural Poverty Research 3. The Contribution of Agriculture to Poverty Reduction in SSA 4. Rural Livelihoods and Agrarian Change in Sub-Saharan Africa: Processes and Policies 5. Dynamics of Poverty Traps 6. Income Diversification and Rural Inequality Part 3: Institutional Factors in Rural Poverty Reduction 7. Experience of the Plan for the Modernization of Agriculture (PMA), Uganda 8. Decentralization and Rural Poverty Reduction in Malawi 9. Marketing Arrangements and Rural Poverty Reduction 10. Comparative Land Tenure Issues Arising in Four Countries Part 4: Natural Resource Management in Rural Poverty Reduction 11. Artisanal Fishing, Poverty Reduction and Policy Responses 12. Roles of Livestock in Virtuous Spirals for Climbing out of Poverty 13. Successful CBNRM in Namibia Part 5: Case Studies of Rural Livelihood Issues and Options 14. Rural Taxation and Poverty Reduction in Uganda 15. Chronic Poverty and Life Histories of the Rural Poor 16. Improving the Options for the Poor: Lessons from India 17. Attending to Village Level Poverty Traps in Poverty Reduction Strategies Part 6: Macro-Micro Linkages in Rural Poverty Reduction Policies 18. Macroeconomic Policy and Effects on Rural Poverty Reduction 19. Connecting PRSPs and Decentralization of Government 20. Agricultural Markets and Rural Poverty Reduction: Key Issues about Public-Private Roles in Agricultural Markets and Recent Trends Part 7: Towards Improved Policies for Rural Poverty Reduction 21. Synthesis and Policy Implications