This summary examines the level, form and evolution of US trade protection. In case studies of trade barriers imposed during the 1980s to help the steel, semiconductor, automobile, lumber, wheat, and textile and clothing industries, the study traces the evolution of efforts to obtain protection.

Acknowledgments Introduction by Anne O. Krueger 1: The U.S.-Japan Semiconductor Trade Conflict Douglas A. Irwin 2: The Rise and Fall of Big Steel's Influence on U.S. Trade Policy Michael O. Moore 3: Making Sense of the 1981 Automobile VER: Economics, Politics, and the Political Economy of Protection Douglas R. Nelson 4: Import Protection for U.S. Textiles and Apparel: Viewed from the Domestic Perspective J. Michael Finger, Ann Harrison. 5: Do Precedent and Legal Argument Matter in the Lumber CVD Cases? Joseph P. Kalt 6: The Political Economy of the Export Enhancement Program for Wheat Bruce L. Gardner 7: Agricultural Interest Group Bargaining over the North American Free Trade Agreement David Orden 8: The Effect of Import Source on the Determinants and Impacts of Antidumping Suit Activity Robert W. Staiger, Frank A. Wolak. 9: Implications of the Results of Individual Studies Anne O. Krueger Contributors Author Index Subject Index