This book focuses on economic theory and advances environmental economics by integrating various theories of modern economics in a comprehensive and analytical framework. The book is composed of many models — each emphasizing interactions between the environment and economic, technological, institutional, structural, or gender variables. The theory is constructed on the basis of a few concepts within a compact framework and it permits valid generalizations from one special modeling structure to another, and thus deepen understanding of the complexities of political, social, and economic dynamics in a systematical manner. Each model can be mathematically integrated with any other model in the book. The book also provides a computational procedure for simulation so that anyone can observe dynamics of the system using computers.