Introduction: Scholarship and Reality, Immanuel Wallerstein; Part I The Capitalist World-Economy: From Past to Future; Chapter 1 Globalism or Apartheid on a Global Scale?, Samir Amin; Chapter 2 Through the Obstacle(s) and on to Global Socialism, Christopher Chase-Dunn; Chapter 3 Europe: The Asymptote of Political Integration, Bart Tromp; Chapter 4 Using, Producing, and Replacing Life?: Alchemy as Theory and Practice in Capitalism, Claudia von Werlhof; Chapter 5 Hegemony and Antisystemic Movements, Giovanni Arrighi; Chapter 6 Present Systemic Trends and Antisystemic Movements, Pablo González Casanova; Chapter 7 Proletarian Internationalism: A Long View and Some Speculations, Marcel van der Linden; Part II Structures of Knowledge and Constructed Knowledge in the Modern World; Chapter 8 Commonality and Divergence of World Intellectual Structures in the Second Millennium CE, Randall Collins; Chapter 9 Africa and African Studies, Mahmood Mamdani; Chapter 10 A Critique of Lazy Reason: Against the Waste of Experience, Boaventura de Sousa Santos; Chapter 11 Continuing American Provincialism and the Rest of the World, Janet L. Abu-Lughod; Chapter 12 Does One Represent Reality or Does One Explain It?, Maurice Aymard; Chapter 13 The Scholarly Mainstream and Reality: Are We at a Turning Point?, Immanuel Wallerstein; Chapter 14 The North Atlantic Universals, Michel-Rolph Trouillot;