In the last two decades, expanding China's urban labor market has gone through a dynamic job creation and destruction, and large-scale rural-urban immigration. The marketization since early 1980s has made great progress in the transition to a real labor market. The author offers a novel analysis of China's labor market using modern structural econometric models. The book examines the issues of the disequilibrium of labor supply and demand in China. It also looks into the impact of rural-urban immigration on urban labor market. The author provides analyses the economic reasons behind the high unemployment rate in China, and explains why it coexists with a shortage of workers in recent years.