Contents

Series Foreword  ix
References  xiii

Acknowledgments  xvii

Introduction: The Experiences That Shaped Me as a Historian  
Why Conduct Research Related to Historically Black Colleges and Universities?  5
The Evolution of My Research  
Evolution of My Historical Work  7
Overview of Chapters  9
Final Thoughts on This Volume  

Part I: Academic Freedom, Philanthropy, and Art

.  Scylla and Charybdis: Navigating the Waters of Academic Freedom at Fisk University During Charles S. Johnson's Administration ( 94 – 95 )   7
Academic Freedom at Fisk: A Checkered Past   8
The Rise of Black Leadership at Fisk  23
The Case of Lee Lorch  2
A Decision to Secure Fisk's Future  3

2.  Modern Art in the Old South: The Role of the Arts in Fisk University's Campus Curriculum  37
Laying the Foundation for an Arts-Focused Curriculum  38
Charles S. Johnson: Fisk University President  4
The Role of Art at Fisk University  42
The International Student Center  44
Biweekly Convocations  45
The Stieglitz Collection  4
Toward an Arts-Focused Curriculum  47
Conclusion  5

3.  W.E.B. Du Bois and Charles S. Johnson: Differing Views on the Role of Philanthropy in Higher Education  53
Understanding Du Bois—Radical Intellectual  55
Understanding Johnson: Liberal Educator and Race Relations Pioneer  
Uncovering their Goals   4
Philanthropy: Obstacle or Avenue?  
Conclusion   9

PART II: FUNDRAISING AND RACE

4.  Rhetoric vs. Reality: The Fundraising Messages of the United Negro College Fund in the Immediate Aftermath of the Brown Decision  75
Background and Composition of the UNCF  77
Preparing for the Brown Decision  79
The Aftermath of the Supreme Court's Decision  83
Responsibility to the Black Community  85
Seeing a Wider Constituency  8
The Impact of the Brown Decision on Donor Perceptions  89
Recruiting Whites Becomes Difficult  9
Implausible Suggestions, Real Possibilities  92

5.  Salvaging "Academic Disaster Areas": The Black College Response to Christopher Jencks and David Riesman's 9 7 Harvard Educational Review Article  97
The Jencks and Riesman Article  98
Responding in the Media   4
The Black College Response  
Support from the Wider Academic Community   2
Jencks and Riesman's Response to the Black College Leaders   5
Spinning Black Colleges in the Media   2
A More Organized and Informed Response: Charles V. Willie's Harvard Conference   22
Conclusion   25

PART III: HISTORY INFORMED BY THEORY

.  Swept Under the Rug? A Historiography of Gender and Black Colleges   3
Coming Clean on My Own Omissions   34
The Historical Literature on Black Colleges   34
Philanthropic Outside Control   35
Internal Campus Relations   4
Black Women's Higher Education   5
Research Recommendations and Significance for Current Policy and Practice   5

7.  Perceptions of Black College Presidents: Sorting Through Stereotypes and Reality to Gain a Complex Picture   59
Review of Relevant Literature  
Conclusion   8

8.  Mixed Motivations, Mixed Results: A History of Law, Legislation, Historically Black Colleges and Universities, and Interest Convergence   89
Early History of Black Colleges   9
Separate but Equal?   98
The "Great" Philanthropists   99
Murray v. Pearson  2
Missouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada  2 2
The Pre-Brown Higher Education Cases  2 4
Separate Is Not Equal?  2
Post-Brown Activity  2 7
Historically Black College and University Acts  2 2
The Impact of Fordice  2 3
Renewed Interest From the White House  2 5
Lawsuits in the Current Day  2
Concluding Thought  2 8

Epilogue: A Note on Method  2 9

Endnotes  223

Index  28

About the Author  3