Brings together the expertise of scholars from a range of disciplines to explore the current state of racial heterogeneity, data practice, and educational inequality. They offer recommendations to guide future research, practice, and policy with the goal of better understanding and meeting the needs of diverse student populations.

Contents Series Foreword vii James A. Banks Preface: Race: American Education’s Inescapable Conundrum xiii Walter R. Allen 1. Introduction 1 Bach Mai Dolly Nguyen and Robert T. Teranishi Part I: Conceptual Considerations of Racial Heterogeneity 2. Who’s Black?  Hybridity, Complexity, and Fluidity in 21st-Century Racial Identity 15 Gloria Ladson-Billings 3. Latinos in the American Racial Hierarchy:  The Complexities of Identity and Group Formation 29 Luis Ricardo Fraga and Nicole Perez 4. Panethnicity and Ethnic Heterogeneity:  The Politics of Lumping and Disaggregating Asian Americans  and Pacific Islanders in Educational Policy 46 Michael Omi, Mike Hoa Nguyen, and Jason Chan 5. The ”Invisible” Minority: Finding a Sense of Belonging After  Imperialism, Colonialism, and (Im)migration for Native Hawaiian  and Pacific Islanders in the United States 67 ‘Inoke Hafoka, Kēhaulani Vaughn, Iosefa Aina, and Cynthia M. Alcantar 6. Draw Your Own Box? Further Complicating Racial Data  for Multiracial/Two or More Races College Students 84 Marc P. Johnston-Guerrero and Karly Sarita Ford Part II: Unmasking Educational Inequality Through Disaggregated Data 7. Similar, But Not the Same: Considering the Intersections of  Race, Ethnicity, and Immigrant Status in the Lives of Black Students 103 Kimberly A. Griffin and Chrystal A. George Mwangi 8. Beyond Reservations: Exploring Diverse Backgrounds and  Tribal Citizenship Among Native College Students 119 Heather J. Shotton 9. The Mismeasure of Native American Students:  Using Data Disaggregation to Promote Identity Safety 131 Laura M. Brady, Zoe Higheagle Strong, and Stephanie A. Fryberg 10. More Than Nuance: Recognizing and Serving  the Diversity of the Latinx Community 154 Desiree D. Zerquera, Jasmine Haywood, and MartÍn De Mucha 11. Data Quality in the Evaluation of Latino Student Success 170 Stella M. Flores, Brian Holzman, and Leticia Oseguera Conclusion 195 Robert T. Teranishi About the Editors and Contributors 202 Index 207

“Based on the inspirational work from the Racial Heterogeneity Project, Measuring Race brings together leading race scholars to argue for a more complex understanding of race difference within groups. Using state of the art theories, data, and methodologies, this impressive collection reminds us of diversity’s importance at the heart of progressive education precisely at the historical moment when it is threatened or derided by conservative forces. Undergraduate and graduate courses looking for a comprehensive book on race and the politics of difference cannot afford to overlook this important volume.” —Zeus Leonardo, professor and associate dean of education, University of California, Berkeley, and author of Race Frameworks