The book presents a comprehensive overview of the potential areas for transformative Indian agriculture, focusing on innovations in science, technology, institutional, and policy affairs, with the goal of building a self-reliant India (Atmanirbhar Bharat). It addresses the challenges of eradicating hunger, poverty, and undernutrition, and offers interventions that prioritize inclusivity, sustainability, peace, and prosperity, as well as resilience to climate and other uncertainties. The books 36 chapters cover a range of priority areas, including: accelerated and sustainable agricultural production, doubling farmers income through diversification and market linkages, promoting entrepreneurship, leveraging innovations in science and technology, managing value chains and preventing post-harvest losses, ensuring remunerative prices and market reforms, implementing climate-smart agriculture, developing secondary agriculture, securing water resources, improving soil health, managing crop health and pests, adopting agro-biodiversity, investing in renewable energy, utilizing Artificial Intelligence, and creating a knowledge platform to transform India. Additionally, the book addresses critical development needs in fragile ecosystems such as coastal, desert, hill, and marginal ecosystems, and provides policy options and pathways for transforming Indian agriculture to achieve Atmanirbhar Bharat. The book serves as a valuable resource for policymakers, development communities, and academicians.