A reference to the rapidly multiplying international agreements on environment and development issues. It demonstrates the international community's position on specific environment and development problems, the main obstacles to effective international solutions, and how to overcome them.

Introduction Olav Schram Stokke and 0ystein B. Tliommessen Global Environmental Governance: UN Fragmentation und CO-ordination Steinar Andresell Environmental Standards: Industry's Gift to a Polluted Globe or the Developed World's Competition-Killing Strategy? Jennifer Clapp The 1999 Multi-Pollutant Protocol: A Neglected Break Through in Solving Europe's Air Pollution Problems? JQrgen Wettestad The Basil Convention and the InternationalTrade in Hazardous Waste Jonathan Krueger The Unltcd Nntrona Flsh Stocks Agreement Lawrence Juda The World Bank: A Lighter Shade of Green? David Hunter General Environmental Concerns Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Dccision-Making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters (Arlius Convention), Arhus, 1998 Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context (Espoo Convention), Espoo, 1991 Atmosphere Annex 16. vol. I1 (Environmental Protection: Aircraft Engine Emissions) to the 1944 Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation, Montreal, 1981 Convention Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP), Geneva, 1979 United Nation? Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), New York, 1992 Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, Vienna, 1985, including the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Montreal, 1981 Hazardous Substances Convention on the Ban of the Import into Africa and the Control of Transboundary Movements and Management of Hazardous Wastes within Africa, Barnako, 199 1 Convention on Civil Liability for Damage Caused during Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road, Rail, and Inland Navigation Vessels (CRTD), Geneva, 1989 Convention on the Control of Transboundary Moveme~~olPs Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal (Base1 Convention), Rasel, 1989 Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade (Rotterdam Convention on PIC), Rotterdam, 1998 Convention on the Transboundary Effect\ of Industrial Accidents, Helsinki, 1992 Convention to Ban the Importation into Forum Island Countries of Hazardous and Radioactive Wastes and to Control the Transboundary Movement and Management of Hazardous Wastes within the South Pacific Region (Waigani Convention), Waigani, 1995 European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Good? by Inland Waterways (ADN), Gcncva, 2000 European Agreerncnt Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR), Geneva, 1957 FAO International Code of Conduct on the Dislribution and U$e of Pesticides, Rome, 1985 Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (Stockholm Convcntion on POPS), Stockholm. 200 1 Marine Environment Global Conventions Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter (London Convention 1Y72), London, 1972 International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto (MARPOL 73/78), London, 1973 and 1978 International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage, 2001 (Bunkers Convention), London, 2001 International Convention on Civil Liability tor Oil Pollution Damage 1969 (1969 CLC), Brussels 1969 , 1976 and 1984 International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage 1971 (1971 Fund Convention), Brussels, 1971 Convention on Liability and Compensation for Damage in Connection with the Carriage of Hazardous and Noxious Substances by Sea (HNS), London 1996 International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response, and Co-operation (OPRC), London, 1990 International Convention Relating to Intervention on the High Seas in Cases of Oil Pollution Casualties (Intervention Convention): Brussels, 1969 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOS Convention), Montego Bay, 1982 Regional Conventions Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North East Atlantic (OSPAR Convention), Paris, 1992 Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Arca (1 992 Helsinki Convention), Helsinki, 1992 Conventions within the UNEP Regional Seas Programme Convention on the Protection of the Black Sea against Pollution, Bucharest, 1992 Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region, Cartagena de Indias, 1983 Convention for the Protection, Management, and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the Eastern African Region, Nairobi. 1985 Kuwait Regional Convention for Co-operation on the Protection of the Marine Environment from Pollution, Kuwait, 1978 Convention for the Protcction and Development of the Marine Environment and Coastal Region of the Mediterranean Sea (Barcelona Convention), Barcelona, 1976 Regional Convention for the Conservation of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden Environment, Jeddah, 1982 Convention for the Protection of the Natural Resources and Environment of the South Pacific Region (SPREP Convention), Noumea, 1986 Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and Coastal Area of the South-East Pacific, Lima, 1981 Convention for Co-operation in the Protection and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the West and Central African Region, Abidjan, 1981 Marine Living Resources Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR), Canberra, 1980 International Convention for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT), Rio de Janeiro, 1966 International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling (ICRW), Washington, 1946 Nature Conservation and Terrestrial Living Resources Antarctic Treaty, Washington, DC, 1959 Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (World Heritage Convention), Paris, 1972 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), Nairobi, 1992 Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS), Bonn, 1979 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), Washington, DC, 1973 Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar Convention), Ramsar, 1971 Convention to Combat Deserlification (CCD), Paris, 1994 FAO International Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources, Rome, 1983 International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994 (ITTA, 1994), Geneva, 1994 Nuclear Safety Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency (Aqsistance Convention), Vienna, 1986 Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident (Notification Convention), Vienna, 1986 Convention on Nuclear Safety, Vienna, 1994 Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage, Vienna, 1963 Freshwater Resources Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes (ECE Water Convention), Helsinki, 1992 Tables of Agreements and Degrees of Participation, by Country Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) European Union (EU): Environment Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Global Environment Facility (GEF) International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) International Labour Organization (ILO) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Oil Pollution Compensation Funds (IOPC Funds) Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Environment Policy Committee (EPOC) United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) World Bank World Food Programme (WFP) World Health Organization (WHO) World Meteorological Organization (WMO) World Trade Organization (WTO) Ban Action Network (BAN) Third World Network (M) Climate Action Network (CAN) Water Environment Federation (WEF) Consumers International (CI) Earth Council Women's Environment and Development Organization (WED0) Earthwatch Institute World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) Environmental Liaison Centre International (ELCI) World Federalist Movement (WFM) European Environmental Bureau (EEB) World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) Friends of the Earth International (FoEI) Other Networking Instruments Greenpeace International Arab Network of Environment and International Chamber of Commerce (TCC) Development (RAED) International Confederation of Free Both ENDS Trade Unions (ICFTU) Global Legislators for a Balanced Environment International Organization for Standardization (ISO) (GLOBE) International Solar Energy Society (ISES) Regional Environmental Center for Centd and IUCN - The World Conservation Union Eastern Europe (REC) Pesticide Action Network (PAN) Sierra Club United Nations Non-Governmental Liaison Service (UN-NGLS) Society for International Development (SID) Tables of International Organizations and Degrees of Participation, by Country and Territory OECD countries Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Japan Republic of Korea Luxembourg Mexico Norway The Netherlands New Zealand Poland Index List of Articles in 1992-2001 102 Volumes Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom USA Technical Notes and References, OECD Countries Selected non-OECD countries Argentina Brazil China India Indonesia Malaysia Nigeria Russian Federation South Africa Thailand Technical Notes and References. non-OECD Countries