1 Introduction 11.1 Regulatory Framework 11.2 Environmental Engineering, Waste Disposal, and Containment Issues 152 Waste Characterization and Soil-Waste Interaction 192.1 Composition of Wastes 192.2 Chemical and Biochemical Reactions Within and Below a Waste Disposal site 372.3 Soil-Waste Interactions 452.4 Engineering Properties of Wastes 62 3 Geosynthetics in Waste Containment and Cover Systems 71 3.1 Geomembranes 713.2 Geotextiles 1093.3 Geonets and Geocomposite Drainage Nets 1333.4 Geogrids 1373.5 Geosynthetic Clay Liners 1403.6 Soil Geosynthetic Friction Tests 143 4 Low-Permeability Liner and Drainage Materials 158 4.1 Hydraulic Conductivity 1584.2 Laboratory Hydraulic Conductivity Testing 1714.3 Field Hydraulic Conductivity Testing 1804.4 Low-Permeability Compacted Clay Liners 1924.5 Low-Permeability Admixed (Amended) Soil Liners 2094.6 Drainage (Soil) Materials 211 5 Containment Transport: Advection-Dispersion flow Through Low-Permeability Soils 219 5.1 Contaminant Transport in Soils 2195.2 Determination of Parameters 2325.3 Methods for Calculating Containment Migration 2405.4 Significance of Diffusion in Containment Transport Through Fine-Grained Materials 2525.5 Case Study: Field Monitoring 256 6 Sludge Solidification and Stabilization 267 6.1 Terminology and Regulatory Requirements 2676.2 Physical and Chemical Tests for Regulatory Compliance 2726.3 Treatment Methods 2886.4 Solidification/Stabilization Methods 2936.5 Construction Methods 3056.6 Safety, Quality Control, and Closure 314 7 Vertical Barriers: Slurry Walls 3217.1 Introduction 3217.2 Trench-Slurry Interaction 3257.3 Permeability, Compatibility, and Strength of the Barrier Walls  3307.4 Construction 3397.5 Specifications 3607.6 Construction Quality Control and Quality Assurance 366 8 Liner Systems for Landfills and Surface Impoundments 368 8.1 Introduction 3688.2 Lining Systems: Overview 3698.3 Containment Lining systems 3848.4 Cover Lining systems 4208.5 Specifications 4298.6 Construction Quality Assurance 436 9 Leachate Collection and Removal Systems 441 9.1 Introduction 4419.2 LCRS Design 4439.3 LCRS Analysis 4529.4 Construction, Specification, and CQA 50910 Stability Analyses and Design 51510.1 Introduction 515Section I: Analytical Methods 51610.2 Limit Equilibrium Methods 51610.3 Finite-Element Analyses 53210.4 Seismic Stability Analyses 534 Section II: Design Applications 54310.5 Typical Landfill Configuration 54310.6 Excavation Slope Stability 54610.7 Refuse Fill Stability 54910.8 Cover System Stability 55710.9 Seismic Stability 560 Appendix A Inspector’s Checklist: Slurry Walls 565Appendix B Settlement Analyses 568 B.1 Foundation Settlement 568B.2 Refuse Settlement 575Index 585