Figures, Tables, and Box Series Foreword Acknowledgments Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 The Multiple Motivations for Energy Efficiency 1.2 The Value of Cross-Disciplinarity 1.3 The Energy-Efficiency Gap 1.4 The Focus on Electricity Consumption by "End-Users" 1.5 The Value of Polycentric Systems of Policies 1.6 International Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities 1.7 Questions and Challenges Addressed by This Book 1.8 Organization of This Book Chapter 2 Energy-Efficient Technologies and Practices: Today's Portfolio and Tomorrow's Promise 2.1 How Energy and Electricity Are Currently Used 2.2 Technologies and Practices for Energy-Efficient Buildings 2.3 Technologies and Practices for Energy-Efficient Industry 2.4 Matching Load to Generation 2.5 Estimating the Levelized Cost of Electricity Generation and Savings 2.6 Energy Efficiency and Carbon Mitigation Supply Curves 2.7 Conclusions Chapter 3 Obstacles to Energy Efficiency and the Logic of Policy Design 3.1 Market Failures and Public Interest Rationales for Public Policy 3.2 Market Failures and Barriers 3.2.1 Financial Barriers 3.2.2 Regulatory Barriers 3.2.3 Information Barriers and Behavioral "Wrinkles" 3.2.4 Lock-In of Energy Waste 3.3 Non-Energy Benefits, Costs, and Drivers 3.4 The Logic of Energy-Efficiency Policy Design 3.5 Conclusions Chapter 4 Energy-Efficiency Policies and Programs in a Maturing Marketplace 4.1 A Taxonomy of Policy Instruments 4.2 Policy Levers for Energy-Efficient Buildings 4.2.1 Financing Policies 4.2.2 Regulatory Policies 4.2.3 Information Policies 4.3 Policy Levers for Energy-Efficient Industry 4.3.1 Financing Policies 4.3.2 Regulatory Policies 4.3.3 Information Policies 4.4 Integrating Policy Concepts 4.4.1 Economy-Wide Policy Instruments 4.4.2 Multiple Measures and Policies 4.4.3 Multiple Scales of Governance 4.4.4 Polycentric Governance 4.5 Conclusions Chapter 5 Program Evaluation and the Need for New Business Models 5.1 Isolating the Efficiency Effect in Energy Intensity Metrics 5.2 Evaluating Energy-Efficiency Programs and Policies 5.3 Measurement and Verification of Impacts 5.4 Controlling for Rival Explanations 5.4.1 Free Ridership 5.4.2 Spillovers 5.4.3 Rebound 5.5 Trade-offs and Alternative Views of Success 5.6 Integrating Energy Efficiency into the Utility Business Model 5.6.1 Integrated Resource Planning 5.6.2 The Virtual Power Plant 5.6.3 Alternative Utility Models for Promoting Energy Efficiency 5.6.4 Third-Party Entities for Delivering Ratepayer-Funded Energy Efficiency 5.7 Conclusions Chapter 6 Follow the Footprints: Leading and Lagging States 6.1 Federal Effort toward Energy Efficiency 6.1.1 Overview of National Legislation 6.1.2 Multiple Scale U.S. Governance of Energy Efficiency 6.2 State Performance on Energy Efficiency: A Statistical Analysis 6.2.1 Conceptual Framework for the Energy-Efficiency Performance of States 6.2.2 State Policies and Characteristics 6.2.3 Policy Impacts on State Energy-Efficiency Performance 6.3 Lessons from Leading and Improving States 6.3.1 Massachusetts 6.3.2 California 6.3.3 Wisconsin 6.3.4 Arkansas 6.4 Room for Improvement 6.5 Conclusions Chapter 7 Potential for the Future 7.1 Technical, Economic, and Achievable Potential 7.2 Estimating the Potential with Energy Modeling 7.3 Policy Supply Curve for Energy Efficiency 7.4 Policy Supply Curve for Carbon Abatement 7.5 Comparison of Global Policy Practices 7.5.1 Germany 7.5.2 China 7.5.3 Japan 7.5.4 United Kingdom 7.6 Conclusions Chapter 8 Policies and Markets: Moving Forward in Unison 8.1 The Skeptics and the Advocates 8.2 Policy Recommendations 8.2.1 Keeping Up with Technology Assets 8.2.2 Following the Leaders 8.2.3 Employing Polycentric Policy Systems 8.2.4 Closing the Energy-Efficiency Gap 8.3 Looking to the Future Appendix: Correlation Table: All Variables Notes References Index

"Green Savings combines the theories, data, and policy analysis needed to understand energy efficiency. The case studies offer practical insights for entrepreneurs as well as policymakers at a range of scales on how to promote energy efficiency."

Energy Resources, Technology, and Policy offers global perspectives on contemporary energy sources, the related technologies, and international policy responses to issues regarding energy. The titles in this series explore topics in three categories: energy reserves, fuels, resources, and reserve-to-production ratios; technologies, innovation, and current research and development; and policymaking, behavioral change, and the interactions between society and the energy sector. Beyond providing detailed information about the progress that has been made in developing safe, renewable forms of energy, this series portrays the fragile balance between energy development and environmental protection as it illustrates how energy developers and environmental advocates are moving towards reaching sustainable resolutions. These books will serve a broad audience that includes educated lay readers, professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, and faculty in fields such as engineering, public affairs, global studies, ecology, geography, environmental studies, and marine science.