The Elgar Encyclopedia of Development is a ground-breaking resource that provides a starting point for those wishing to grasp how and why development occurs, while also providing further expansion appropriate for more experienced academics.

List of contributors x An introduction to the Elgar Encyclopedia of Development 1 Matthew Clarke and Xinyu (Andy) Zhao 1 Absolute poverty 4 Andy Sumner 2 Advocacy 7 Margit van Wessel 3 Affordable housing 12 Carolyn Whitzman 4 Agrarian change and rural development 15 Cristóbal Kay 5 Aid modality 20 B. Ouattara 6 Amartya Sen 24 Lawrence Hamilton 7 Andre Gunder Frank 29 Sing C. Chew 8 Animal capital 36 Dinesh Wadiwel 9 Art and development 41 Polly Stupples 10 Artificial intelligence and development 46 Matthew L. Smith and Ruhiya Kristine Seward 11 Arturo Escobar 52 Kiran Asher 12 Bandung and decolonization 55 Narendran Kumarakulasingam 13 Basic needs approach 59 Kenneth A. Reinert 14 Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation 64 Bernice Yanful and Anne-Emanuelle Birn 15 Bretton Woods 70 Laurissa Mühlich 16 BRICS 74 Deborah Barros Leal Farias 17 Chandra Talpade Mohanty 77 Chizu Sato 18 Child labour 83 Dev Nathan 19 Citizen aid 88 Anne-Meike Fechter 20 Civil society and development 90 Jude Howell 21 Class 95 Jonathan Pattenden 22 Communication for development 100 Valentina Baú 23 Community capacity-building 104 Gary Craig 24 Community development 110 Gary Craig 25 Conflict sensitivity and do no harm 116 Anthony Ware 26 Corporate social responsibility 120 Paul Alexander Haslam 27 Corruption and development 125 Alina Mungiu-Pippidi 28 Culture and development 129 Keith Nurse 29 Customary law 137 Sandra F. Joireman 30 Data justice 141 Richard Heeks 31 Debt 145 Bruno Bonizzi and Christina Laskaridis 32 Decent work 150 Kanchana Ruwanpura 33 Degrowth 155 Federico Demaria 34 Dependency theory 161 Wil Hout 35 Developing countries 166 Deborah Barros Leal Farias 36 Development and racial hierarchy 169 Kamna Patel 37 Development ethics 173 Jay Drydyk 38 Developmental state 180 Yin-wah Chu 39 Digital citizenship 185 Jiajie Lu 40 Digital inclusion 188 Amber Marshall 41 Disability and development 192 Shaun Grech 42 Disaster and development 197 Jeroen Warner 43 Domestic violence and development 203 Nata Duvvury 44 Early childhood development 208 Deborah A. Phillips 45 Education and development 214 Simon McGrath 46 Energy and development 219 David I. Stern 47 Ester Boserup 224 Marina Fischer-Kowalski 48 Everyday peace 228 Anthony Ware 49 Faith-based organizations 234 Marie Juul Petersen 50 Finance and development 241 Rashmi Arora 51 Financial inclusion 247 Mandira Sarma 52 Food regimes 251 Philip McMichael 53 Food security 259 C. Peter Timmer 54 Forced migration 264 Naohiko Omata 55 Foreign direct investment 268 Rajneesh Narula and André Pineli 56 Gender and development 272 Gouthami 57 Gender and intersectionality 277 Tanja Bastia 58 Geography and the world’s development divides 279 Marcin Wojciech Solarz 59 Global governance 286 Roni Kay O’Dell 60 Global North–South 291 Jean-Philippe Thérien 61 Global value chains and economic development 296 David Dollar 62 Globalization and development 299 Kenneth A. Reinert 63 Good governance 304 Anis Chowdhury 64 Green economy 309 Kirstie O’Neill 65 Health system 314 Michael Anderson and Elias Mossialos 66 Heritage and development 320 Dobrosława Wiktor-Mach 67 Human development approach 324 Alexandra Fortacz and Sabina Alkire 68 Human Development Index 332 Mark McGillivray 69 Human trafficking and slavery 337 James Cockayne 70 Humanitarian aid 342 Nazanin Zadeh-Cummings 71 Immanuel Wallerstein 347 Chamsy el-Ojeili 72 Inclusive research 352 Melanie Nind 73 Indigenous peoples and development 355 Janet Hunt 74 Infrastructure and economic development 361 Dan Biller 75 International child sponsorship 368 Brad Watson 76 International Monetary Fund and the World Bank 374 Dane Rowlands 77 International trade and economic development 379 Saibal Kar 78 International volunteering 381 Susanne Schech 79 Internet governance 386 Francesca Musiani 80 Labour migration 391 Sylvia Ang 81 Land governance 394 Stig Enemark 82 Land grabs 399 Kiah Smith 83 Localization 404 Kristina Roepstorff 84 MDGs and SDGs 408 85 Mining 412 Jeannette Graulau 86 Modernization 417 Corinna R. Unger 87 Multispecies climate justice 422 Yamini Narayanan 88 Multispecies poverty politics 426 Yamini Narayanan 89 Neoliberalism 429 Nichole Georgeou and Charles Hawksley 90 Open development 435 Ruhiya Kristine Seward and Matthew L. Smith 91 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 441 Matthias Schmelzer 92 Oxfam 446 Chris Roche 93 Participatory development 451 Anthony Ware 94 Pastoralism 455 John Morton 95 Plan International 460 Karin Arts 96 Pollution 465 Andrew Farmer 97 Population and development 468 Tim Dyson 98 Postcapitalism 473 Tuomo Alhojärvi, Isaac Lyne, Pryor Placino, Katharine McKinnon and the Community Economies Collective 99 Postdevelopment 479 Samantha Balaton-Chrimes 100 Post-neoliberalism 482 Tobias Boos and Ulrich Brand 101 Poverty measurement 489 Sharon Bessell 102 Queer development studies 494 Corinne L. Mason 103 Religion and development 497 Séverine Deneulin 104 Resilience 502 Isaac Lyne, Ann Hill, Elizabeth Barron, Alison Guzman and Ignacio Krell 105 Right to development 507 Anthony Ware 106 Rights-based approach to development 512 Anthony Ware 107 Rising powers 518 Stephan Klingebiel 108 Rural–urban migration 523 Xinjie Shi and Bingyu Huangfu 109 Save the Children 528 Karin Arts 110 Sexual and reproductive health and rights 532 Nate Henderson 111 Slow city 536 Heike Mayer and Paul L. Knox 112 Social enterprise 538 Isaac Lyne 113 Social protection 544 Keetie Roelen 114 Socialist ecofeminism 547 Ana Isla 115 South–South cooperation 553 Thomas Muhr 116 Stages of growth 559 Rashmi Arora 117 State fragility 563 Nematullah Bizhan 118 Subjective well-being 566 Sefa Awaworyi Churchill and Russell Smyth 119 Sustainable development 569 Mark Diesendorf 120 Sustainable livelihoods 575 Kiah Smith 121 Sylvia Chant 580 Cathy McIlwaine 122 The Belt and Road Initiative 583 Jing Gu 123 The humanitarian– development nexus 588 Jon Harald Sande Lie 124 The migration–development nexus 593 Ronald Skeldon and Tanja Bastia 125 The World Commission on Environment and Development 598 Iris Borowy 126 Tourism and development 603 David J. Telfer 127 Trade and poverty 609 Paul Brenton 128 Urban planning 613 Patrick Brandful Cobbinah 129 Waste management and development 618 Sonia Maria Dias 130 Women and development 623 Lourdes Beneria 131 World-systems theory 628 Christopher Chase-Dunn 132 World Trade Organization 631 Kalim Siddiqui