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Vegetation of the Earth and Ecological Systems of the Geo-biosphere

Walter Heinrich
Heftet / 1985 / Engelsk

Produktdetaljer

ISBN
9783540137481
Publisert
1985-07-01
Utgave
3. utgave
Utgiver
Vendor
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
Høyde
235 mm
Bredde
155 mm
Aldersnivå
Professional/practitioner, UU, UP, P, 05, 06
Språk
Product language
Engelsk
Format
Product format
Heftet

Forfatter
Walter Heinrich
Oversetter
Muise Owen

Vegetation of the Earth and Ecological Systems of the Geo-biosphere

Walter Heinrich
Heftet / 1985 / Engelsk
Walter Heinrich
Heftet / 1985 / Engelsk
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We shall limit our observations to the conditions in natural ecosystems, since it would be beyond the scope of this book to embark upon a consideration of secondary, man-made ecosystems. 2. Classification of the Geo-biosphere into Zonobiomes The biosphere is the thin layer of the earth's surface to which the phenomena connected with living matter are confined. On land, this comprises the lowest layer of the atmosphere permanently inhabited by living organisms and into which plants extend, as well as the root-containing portion of the lithosphere, which we term the soil. Living organisms are also found in all bodies of water, to the very depths of the oceans. In a watery medium, however, cycling of material is achieved by means other than those on land, and the organisms (plankton) are so different that aquatic ecosystems have to be dealt with separately. The biosphere is therefore subdivided into (a) the geo-biosphere comprising terrestrial ecosystems, and (b) the hydro-biosphere, comprising aquatic ecosystems, which is the field of hydrobiologists (oceanographers and limnologists) . Our studies are confined to the geo-biosphere (Walter 1976), which constitutes the habitat of man and is, therefore, of special interest. The prevailing climate, being the primary independent factor in the environment, can be used as a basis for further subdivision of the geo-biosphere since the formation of soil and type of vegetation are dependent upon it (see p. 3), and it has not yet been substantially influenced by man.
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We shall limit our observations to the conditions in natural ecosystems, since it would be beyond the scope of this book to embark upon a consideration of secondary, man-made ecosystems.
Introduction: The Classification of Ecological Systems.- 1. The Aims of Ecology.- 2. Classification of the Geo-biosphere into Zonobiomes.- 3. Zonoecotones.- 4. Orobiomes.- 5. Pedobiomes.- 6. Biomes.- 7. The Nature and Structure of Ecosystems.- 8. Special Material Cycles in Terrestrial Ecosystems and the Role Played by Fire.- 9. Smaller Units of Ecological Systems: Biogeocenes and Synusiae.- 10. Diagrammatic Representation of the Hierarchy of Ecological Units..- General Section.- 1. The Historical Factor.- 2. Climate and Its Representation (Climate Diagrams, Homoclimes, and Climate-Diagram Maps).- 3. Environment and Competition.- 4. Ecotypes and the Law of Change of Biotope and Relative Constancy of Habitat. Extrazonal Vegetation.- 5. Poikilohydric and Homeohydric Plants and Halophytes.- Special Section.- I Zonobiome of the Equatorial Humid Diurnal Climate with Evergreen Tropical Rain Forest.- Zonoecotone I/II — Semievergreen Forest.- II Zonobiome of the Humido-Arid Tropical Summer-Rain Region with Deciduous Forests.- Zonoecotone II/III — Climatic Savannas.- III Zonobiome of the Subtropical Arido Climate with Deserts.- Zonoecotone III/IV — Semidesert.- IV Zonobiome of the Winter-Rain Region with an Arid-Humid Climate and Sclerophyllic Woodlands.- V Zonobiome of the Warm-Temperate Humid Climate.- VI Zonobiome of the Temperate-Nemoral Climate.- Zonoecotone VI/VII — Forest-Steppe.- VII Zonobiome of the Arid-Temperature Climate.- Zonoecotone VIII/XI — Boreonemoral Zone.- VIII Zonobiome of the Cold-Temperate Boreal Climate.- Zonoecotone VII/IX — Forest Tundra.- IX Zonobiome of the Arctic Tundra Climate.- Summary.- Phytomass and Primary Production of the Various Vegetational Zones and of the Entire Biosphere.- Conclusion from an Ecological Point of View.- 1. ThePopulation Explosion in the Developing Countries.- 2. Excessive Technological Developments in the Industrial Countries.- References.
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We shall limit our observations to the conditions in natural ecosystems, since it would be beyond the scope of this book to embark upon a consideration of secondary, man-made ecosystems. 2. Classification of the Geo-biosphere into Zonobiomes The biosphere is the thin layer of the earth's surface to which the phenomena connected with living matter are confined. On land, this comprises the lowest layer of the atmosphere permanently inhabited by living organisms and into which plants extend, as well as the root-containing portion of the lithosphere, which we term the soil. Living organisms are also found in all bodies of water, to the very depths of the oceans. In a watery medium, however, cycling of material is achieved by means other than those on land, and the organisms (plankton) are so different that aquatic ecosystems have to be dealt with separately. The biosphere is therefore subdivided into (a) the geo-biosphere comprising terrestrial ecosystems, and (b) the hydro-biosphere, comprising aquatic ecosystems, which is the field of hydrobiologists (oceanographers and limnologists) . Our studies are confined to the geo-biosphere (Walter 1976), which constitutes the habitat of man and is, therefore, of special interest. The prevailing climate, being the primary independent factor in the environment, can be used as a basis for further subdivision of the geo-biosphere since the formation of soil and type of vegetation are dependent upon it (see p. 3), and it has not yet been substantially influenced by man.
Les mer
We shall limit our observations to the conditions in natural ecosystems, since it would be beyond the scope of this book to embark upon a consideration of secondary, man-made ecosystems.
Introduction: The Classification of Ecological Systems.- 1. The Aims of Ecology.- 2. Classification of the Geo-biosphere into Zonobiomes.- 3. Zonoecotones.- 4. Orobiomes.- 5. Pedobiomes.- 6. Biomes.- 7. The Nature and Structure of Ecosystems.- 8. Special Material Cycles in Terrestrial Ecosystems and the Role Played by Fire.- 9. Smaller Units of Ecological Systems: Biogeocenes and Synusiae.- 10. Diagrammatic Representation of the Hierarchy of Ecological Units..- General Section.- 1. The Historical Factor.- 2. Climate and Its Representation (Climate Diagrams, Homoclimes, and Climate-Diagram Maps).- 3. Environment and Competition.- 4. Ecotypes and the Law of Change of Biotope and Relative Constancy of Habitat. Extrazonal Vegetation.- 5. Poikilohydric and Homeohydric Plants and Halophytes.- Special Section.- I Zonobiome of the Equatorial Humid Diurnal Climate with Evergreen Tropical Rain Forest.- Zonoecotone I/II — Semievergreen Forest.- II Zonobiome of the Humido-Arid Tropical Summer-Rain Region with Deciduous Forests.- Zonoecotone II/III — Climatic Savannas.- III Zonobiome of the Subtropical Arido Climate with Deserts.- Zonoecotone III/IV — Semidesert.- IV Zonobiome of the Winter-Rain Region with an Arid-Humid Climate and Sclerophyllic Woodlands.- V Zonobiome of the Warm-Temperate Humid Climate.- VI Zonobiome of the Temperate-Nemoral Climate.- Zonoecotone VI/VII — Forest-Steppe.- VII Zonobiome of the Arid-Temperature Climate.- Zonoecotone VIII/XI — Boreonemoral Zone.- VIII Zonobiome of the Cold-Temperate Boreal Climate.- Zonoecotone VII/IX — Forest Tundra.- IX Zonobiome of the Arctic Tundra Climate.- Summary.- Phytomass and Primary Production of the Various Vegetational Zones and of the Entire Biosphere.- Conclusion from an Ecological Point of View.- 1. ThePopulation Explosion in the Developing Countries.- 2. Excessive Technological Developments in the Industrial Countries.- References.
Les mer
Springer Book Archives

Produktdetaljer

ISBN
9783540137481
Publisert
1985-07-01
Utgave
3. utgave
Utgiver
Vendor
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
Høyde
235 mm
Bredde
155 mm
Aldersnivå
Professional/practitioner, UU, UP, P, 05, 06
Språk
Product language
Engelsk
Format
Product format
Heftet

Forfatter
Walter Heinrich
Oversetter
Muise Owen

Relaterte produkter