1. Nanotechnology and its potential role against viruses 2. Nanotechnology based innovations to fight against viral infections 3. Functionalized metal and metal oxide nanoparticles/nanocomposites against viruses 4. Unique advantages of nanomaterials in drug delivery and therapy against viruses 5. Engineered nanoparticles for therapeutic applications 6. Intranasal delivery of nanoparticles in HIV: A revolution in therapeutics 7. Application of Nanomaterials as Nanomasks 8. Nanomaterials as Sanitizing Agents Section II Nanotechnology for Detection and Inhibition of Viral Infections 9. Harnessing nanotechnology for visualizing viruses and host-pathogen interactions 10. Nanotechnological tools for the inhibition of Ebola, Zika and Herpes Simplex virus 11. Nanotechnology: New frontiers in anti HIV therapy 12. Nanoparticles based immunoassays for early and rapid detection of HIV and other viral infections 13. Nanobiotechnology: The union of Sciences in the fight against viruses Section III Nanotechnology against Novel Coronavirus 14. SARS, MERS and COVID-19: Emerging threats to public health 15. Origin, evolution and pathogenesis of Corona virus 16. Recent advancements in diagnosis, treatment and vaccination for COVID-19 Section IV Nanotechnology-based Vaccines 17. Nanoformulated vaccines against viral infections: a review 18. Development of novel vaccines using nanomaterials against COVID-19 Section V Toxicological challenges 19. Toxicological considerations of use of nanoparticles in the treatment of viral infections

Mitochondria as a Key Intracellular Target of Thallium Toxicity presents a new hypothesis that explains the decrease in antioxidant defense in thallium poisoning. In addition, the book proposes a new model for studying the transport of inorganic cations across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Readers will learn about the toxicity of thallium and its compounds, the toxicology of thallium, the toxic thallium effects on cells, and the effects of thallium on mitochondria. This book+J136 lists the pathways and mechanisms of thallium transport into cells and mitochondria. This toxicity has been analyzed at both the cellular and subcellular levels The increase in human contact with the toxic trace element thallium is associated with developments in industry, the release of this metal into the environment from various rocks, and the use of special isotope techniques for studying the vascular bed