Leguminous crops have been found to contribute almost 27% of the world s primary crop production. However, due to environmental fluctuations, legumes are often exposed to different environmental stresses, leading to problems with growth and development, and ultimately, decreased yield.

List of contributors vii Preface xi About the editors xiii 1 Legumes and breeding under abiotic stress: An overview 1Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef and Parvaiz Ahmad 2 Salt stress and leguminous crops: present status and prospects 21P.S. Sha Valli Khan and P. Osman Basha 3 Nutrient deficiencies under stress in legumes: an overview 53Fakiha Afzal Tahira Khan Ammarah Khan Saifullah Khan Hammad Raza Ayesha Ihsan Mohammad Abass Ahanger and Alvina Gul Kazi 4 Chickpea: Role and responses under abiotic and biotic stress 67Saiema Rasool Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef and Parvaiz Ahmad 5 Chickpea and temperature stress: an overview 81Viola Devasirvatham Daniel K.Y. Tan Pooran M. Gaur and Richard M. Trethowan 6 Effect of pesticides on leguminous plants: an overview 91Harpreet Kaur Renu Bhardwaj Vinod Kumar Anket Sharma Ravinder Singh and Ashwani Kumar Thukral 7 Oxidative stress and antioxidant defence systems in response to pesticide stress 103Fozia Bashir and Sumira Jan 8 Legume-rhizobia symbiotic performance under abiotic stresses: factors influencing tolerance behaviour 125Haythem Mhadhbi Photini V. Mylona and Alexios N. Polidoros 9 Microbial strategies for the improvement of legume production in hostile environments 133Dilfuza Egamberdieva Vyacheslav Shurigin Subramaniam Gopalakrishnan and Ram Sharma 10 Role of abscisic acid in legumes under abiotic stress 145Analia Llanes Genoveva Devinar and Virginia Luna 11 Exogenous application of phytoprotectants in legumes against environmental stress 161Mirza Hasanuzzaman Kamrun Nahar Md. Mahabub Alam Shakeel Ahmad and Masayuki Fujita 12 Genetic and molecular responses of legumes in a changing environment 199Mustafeez Mujtaba Babar Najam-us-Sahar Sadaf Zaidi Mohamed Mahgoub Azooz and Alvina Gul Kazi 13 Omics approaches and abiotic stress tolerance in legumes 215Syeda Fatma Hasan Bukhari Sadia Arshad Mohamed Mahgoub Azooz and Alvina Gul Kazi 14 MicroRNA-mediated regulatory functions under abiotic stresses in legumes 231Syed Sarfraz Hussain Mohammad Ali and Bujun Shi 15 Biotechnology approaches to overcome biotic and abiotic stress constraints in legumes 247Mustafeez Mujtaba Babar Najam-us-Sahar Sadaf Zaidi Mohamed Mahgoub Azooz and Alvina Gul Kazi 16 Gene pyramiding and omics approaches for stress tolerance in leguminous plants 265Neha Handa Renu Bhardwaj Ashwani Kumar Thukral Saroj Arora Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli Vandana Gautam and Tajinder Kaur 17 Combating phosphorus deficiency on alkaline calcareous soils by adsorption isotherm technique for legume crops in arid environments 285Muhammad Waqas Abdul Hannan and Abdul Gaffar Sagoo Index 301

Legumes under Environmental Stress Yield, Improvement and Adaptations Leguminous crops have been found to contribute almost 27% of the world’s primary crop production. However, due to environmental fluctuations, legumes are often exposed to different environmental stresses, leading to problems with growth and development, and ultimately, decreased yield. This timely review explains the transcriptomics, proteomics, genomics, metabolomics, transgenomics, functional genomics and phenomics of a wide range of different leguminous crops under biotic and abiotic stresses, and their genetic and molecular responses. Amongst others the text describes the effect of nutrient deficiency, pesticides, salt and temperature stress on legumes. Importantly, the book explores the physiobiochemical, molecular and omics approaches that are used to overcome biotic and abiotic constraints in legumes. It looks at the exogenous application of phytoprotectants; the role of nutrients in the alleviation of abiotic stress; and the microbial strategy for the improvement of legume production under hostile environments. Key features: demonstrates how to mitigate the negative effect of stress on leguminous crops, and how to improve the yield under stressthe most up-to-date research in the fieldwritten by an international team of active researchers and practitioners across academia, industry and non-profit organisations This volume is a valuable and much-needed resource for scientists, professionals and researchers working in plant science, breeding, food security, crop improvement and agriculture worldwide. In universities it will educate postgraduate and graduate students in plant science and agriculture; it will also benefit those in scientific institutions and in biotech and agribusiness companies, who deal with agronomy and environment.