Preface Introduction Part I. In the Wake of the Origin Moral Sense Charles Darwin Ways of Judging Conduct Herbert Spencer Evolution and Ethics Thomas H. Huxley Part II. In the Wake of Sociobiology The Morality of the Gene Edward O. Wilson The Law of the Jungle: Moral Alternatives and Principles of Evolution J. L. Mackie A Biological Interpretation of Moral Systems R.D. Alexander The Hypothalmic Imperative P. Kitcher Evolutionary Ethics: A Phoenix Arisen M. Ruse A Defense of Evolutionary Ethics R.J. Richards The Biological Roots of Morality F.J. Ayala Huxley's Evolution and Ethics in Sociobiological Perspective George C. Williams The Biological Justification of Ethics: A Best-Case Scenario Alexander Rosenberg Really Taking Darwin Seriously: An Alternative to Michael Ruse's Darwinian Metaethics William A. Rottschaefer and David Martinsen Evolutionary Naturlaism and the Objectivity of Morality John Collier and Michael Stingl General Bibliography Notes on Contemporary Authors Index