1. Natural Selection is the Ultimate Determinant of Aging 2. Basic Mathematics of Selection with Age-Structure and Matching Lab Data 3. First Explanation of Aging by Age-Specific Patterns of Selection 4. First Proposal of the General Idea of Declining Force of Natural Selection 5. Hypotheses for the Evolutionary Genetics of Aging 6. Absence of a Lansing effect in Inbred Drosophila 7. Presence of Aging in a Fish with Continued Adult Growth 8. Mathematical Derivation of the Forces of Natural Selection 9. Falsification of the Somatic Mutation Theory 10. Falsification of the Translation Error Catastrophe Theory 11. Proposal of Experimental Designs to Test Evolutionary Theories of Aging 12. Accidental Evolutionary Postponement of Aging 13. Experimental Evolution of Accelerated Aging in Tribolium 14. Development of Evolutionary Genetics in Age-Structured Populations 15. Application of Charlesworth’s Theory to the Evolution of Aging 16. Full Development of Evolutionary Genetic Theory for Aging 17. Quantitative Genetics tests of Hypotheses for the Evolution of Aging 18. Reproducible Mitigation of Aging by Postponing the Decline in Forces of Natural Selection 19. Discovery and Characterization of Caenorhabditis elegans Mutants with Extended Lifespan 20. Further Mathematical Characterization of Evolution with Antagonistic Pleiotropy 21. Genetic Covariation is Shifted to Positive Values by Inbreeding 22. Additional Experiments Supporting Antagonistic Pleiotropy 23. Direct Demonstration of Non-Aging in Fissile Species 24. Genotype-by-Environment Interaction Shown for Aging 25. Evolutionary Physiology of Aging 26. Accelerated Senescence Explained in terms of Inbreeding Depression 27. Reverse Evolution of Aging 28. Genetic Analysis of Aging in Males 29. Quantitative Genetic Analysis of How Many Genes Determine Aging 30. Evidence for Senescence in the Wild 31. Molecular Genetic Variation at Selected Loci in the Evolution of Aging 32. The Evolutionary Logic of Extending Lifespan by Dietary Restriction 33. Selection for Stress Resistance Increases Lifespan 34. In Late Adult Life, Mortality Rates Stop Increasing 35. Evolution of Increased Longevity Among Mammals in the Wild and the Lab 36. Evolutionary Physiology of Dietary Restriction 37. Genetic Association between Dauer Metabolic Arrest and Increased Lifespan 38. Experimental Evolution of Aging is Connected to Development 39. Evidence for Mutation Accumulation affecting Virility Aging 40. Deep Physiological Research into the Evolution of Aging Supports Organismal Mechanisms 41. Late-life Mortality Plateaus Explained using Evolutionary Theory 42. Falsification of Lifelong Heterogeneity Models for the Cessation of Aging 43. Discovery of Drosophila Mutants Sometimes Increasing Longevity 44. Nematode Longevity Mutants show Antagonistic Pleiotropy 45. Experimental Evolution of Life-History fits the Evolutionary Analysis of Late Life 46. Breakdown in Correlations between Stress Resistance and Aging 47. Alternative Indicators for the Forces of Natural Selection Proposed 48. Development of Demographic Models that Separate Aging from Dying 49. Genome-wide Sequencing of Experimentally Evolved Aging Reveals Many Genetic Sites 50. Studying the Evolutionary Origins of Aging in Bacteria 51. Evolutionary Transcriptomics also reveal Complex Physiology of Aging 52. Late Life is Physiologically Different from Aging 53. Genomic Studies of Centenarians Having Low Scientific Power 54. Evolutionary Genetic Effects Produce Two Evolutionary Biologies of Aging 55. Experimental Evolution can Produce Non-Aging Young Adults 56. The Heart is Implicated in the Evolution of Aging 57. Machine Learning Unpacks the Genomics of the Evolution of Aging

Reviews cell-molecular theories of aging in the light of evolutionary biology Offers an evolutionary analysis of prospects for mitigating aging not commonly discussed within private and public sectors Provides readers with a radically different perspective on contemporary biological gerontology, specifically through the lens of evolutionary biology