Contents: Understanding Family Business Evidence, Assumptions and Questions: Introduction to the Elgar Encyclopedia of Family Business xv Advisory Boards 1 Tuuli Ikäheimonen Agency Theory 4 Paul Westhead and Carole Howorth Altruism 6 John James Cater III Branding 9 Nathalie Spielmann Business Families 12 Marleen Dieleman Business History 16 Andrea Colli Careers 22 Elizabeth Tetzlaff and Albert E. James Communication 25 Isabel C. Botero and Tomasz A. Fediuk Communities of Practice 29 Eleanor Hamilton Community Engagement 31 Kiran Trehan Conflict 36 Cristina Alvarado and Martin Euwema Conglomerates 42 Michael Carney Consultants and Advisors 45 Kavil Ramanachandran and Navneet Bhatnagar Contingency theory 49 Miruna Radu-Lefebvre Continuity and Discontinuity in Family Business 52 Andrea Kuiken Cooperatives 56 Elias Hadjielias Co-preneurs 59 Denise Fletcher Corporate Entrepreneurship 64 Mara Brumana and Tommaso Minola Corporate Governance 69 Timothy J. Nichol Corporate Responsibility 75 Lucrezia Songini Cultural Variation of Family Businesses: Africa 81 Henrietta Onwuegbuzie and Chiziterem E. Iwumune Cultural Variation of Family Businesses: Asia 85 Bingbing Ge and Feranita Feranita Cultural Variation of Family Business: Australasia 89 Justin Craig Cultural variation of family businesses: Central and South America 93 Claudio G. Müller Cultural Variation of Family Businesses: Europe 97 José C. Casillas-Bueno and Augusto Sequeiros Pumar Cultural Variation of Family Businesses: North America 102 John Rogers and Clay Dibrell Death 105 Jarna Heinonen Definition and Functions of Business-Owning Families 110 Sharon M. Danes and Ramona Kay Zachary Definitions of Family Business 115 Vanessa Diaz-Moriana and Teresa Hogan Diaspora and Migrant Business Families 119 Maria Elo Divorce 125 Kajsa Haag and Hanna Almlöf Education of Family Members 129 Elizabeth Bagger Embeddedness 133 Rodrigo Basco Emotions 136 Ethel Brundin and Markus Plate Ethics 141 Pedro Vázquez Ethnic Family Business 146 Vipin Gupta Exit 152 Naveed Akhter Family Business Groups 154 Michael Carney FBN-I: Family Business Network International 159 Jesus Casado and Carole Howorth Family Entrepreneurial Teams 161 Allan Discua Cruz Family Entrepreneurship 165 Kathleen Randerson The Family Firm Institute, FFI 168 Judy Green Family Governance 169 Claudia Binz Astrachan Family Office 174 Chris Graves F-PEC: Family—Power, Experience, and Culture Scale 180 Daniel T. Holt and Sadek Showkat Family Science 183 Deanna L. Williamson Familiness 187 M. Katiuska Cabrera-Suárez Farming Families 190 Fabio Matuoka Mizumoto Financing the Family Business 194 Anneleen Michiels, Emmadonata Carbone, Lien Vekemans, and Alessandro Cirillo Gender 200 Daniela Gimenez-Jimenez and Giovanna Campopiano Genograms 203 Marita Rautiainen Goals 207 Rodrigo Basco Growing the Family Firm 210 Saisai Wu, Jia Bao and Jess Chua Habitual, Portfolio and Serial Entrepreneurship 214 Allan Discua Cruz Heritage 219 Fabien Pecot Heterogeneity 223 Elizabeth Tetzlaff, Dianna Dempsey and Albert E. James History of Family Firm Research 225 Joseph H. Astrachan Home-Based Businesses 231 Colin M. Mason Human Resources 234 Nava Michael-Tsabari IFERA, The International Family Enterprise Research Academy 238 Valentina Re, Isabel Botero, Josip Kotlar and Torsten Pieper Imprinting 239 Eric Clinton and Catherine M. Faherty Informal Institutions 242 Rodrigo Basco Inheritance Law 245 Marcelo Ortiz M. Innovation 248 Alfredo De Massis and Emanuela Rondi Internationalization 252 Andrea Calabrò Knowledge Management 254 M. Katiuska Cabrera-Suárez Leadership 258 Preman Chandranathan, Claire M. Leitch and Dermot O’Reilly Legacy 263 Daniel T. Holt and Juliana M. Binhote Long-Term Orientation 265 G.T. Lumpkin, Keith Brigham and Eduardo Meléndez Management Buyouts of Family Firms 268 Carole Howorth Managers in Family Businesses 271 Keanon Jay Alderson Marketing 274 Nathalie Spielmann Mergers and Acquisitions 277 Florian Bauer and Olimpia Meglio Myths 279 Vanessa Diaz-Moriana and Teresa Hogan Narratives 282 G. Tyge Payne and Jeremy C. Short Nepotism 287 Cristina Cruz Networks 289 Sarah L. Jack and Paraskevi Dimakou Next Generation 293 Marcela Ramírez-Pasillas and Hans Lundberg Non-Family Employees 298 Elizabeth Tetzlaff and Albert E. James Ownership 301 Lorraine M. Uhlaner Paradoxes 305 Amaia Maseda Patriarchy 309 Patricio Duran Performance 311 Jan-Philipp Ahrens Philanthropy 316 Neus Feliu Costa and Rania Labaki Primogeniture 322 Daniel Pittino Private Equity 324 Louise Scholes Professional Associations 329 Maria Jose Parada, Alberto Jimeno and Lina Eze Professionalisation 332 Navneet Bhatnagar and Kavil Ramachandran Pruning the Family Tree 338 Carole Howorth Psychological Ownership 340 Fabian Bernhard Psychological Safety 342 Elias Hadjielias Psychology of the Business Family 345 Arist von Schlippe Religion 353 Amanda Lawson and Brett Smith Reputation 360 Isabel C. Botero, Sonia M. Strano and Tomasz A. Fediuk Resilience 364 Mathew (Mat) Hughes Retirement 367 Mariana Estrada-Robles and Alex Kevill Selling the Family Business 370 Carole Howorth Social Capital 375 Paul Sanchez-Ruiz, Brianna Elizondo and Joshua J. Daspit Socialisation 379 Mary Barrett Socioemotional Wealth 385 Daniel T. Holt and Kirsten Brøndsted Bullock STEP, Society of Trust and Estate Practitioners 388 Carole Howorth STEP Project Global Consortium 389 Andrea Calabrò Stewardship Theory 391 James H. Davis Strategic Renewal 396 Timo Pihkala Succession 399 Alexandra Dawson Succession Planning 403 Alexandra Dawson Sustainability 406 Pramodita Sharma and Sanjay Sharma Systems Theory 412 Theresa Arnold, Heiko Kleve and Torsten M. Pieper Theories in Family Firm Research 417 James J. Chrisman, Hanqing “Chevy” Fang and Lloyd P. Steier Three Circle Model 423 Judith van Helvert-Beugels and Jelle Westrik Transgenerational Entrepreneurship 427 Matt Allen Trusts 430 Carole Howorth Values 432 Maria Jose Parada Widowhood 435 Jarna Heinonen Women 439 Giovanna Campopiano

‘This Elgar Encyclopedia is a must have on the bookshelf of family business experts. Besides thoroughly covering all foundational issues, it offers an intellectually challenging and encompassing view on family firms grounded in their heterogeneity and in the emergence of several novel phenomena that are deeply affecting these fascinating organizations.’