On October 3, 2018, the Roundtable on Population Health Improvement of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and the Interdisciplinary Association for Population Health Science convened a joint symposium in Washington, DC to consider the current state of population health science in the United States. At the symposium, speakers and participants reviewed the status of population health in the United States, including current trends in health and mortality, and racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities; explored the complexities of policy implementation with attention to evidence generation and to surfacing and mitigating negative unintended consequences of policies for population health; and shared perspectives on finding common ground to move population health forward. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop.Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction2 Population Health in the United States3 Policy-Relevant Evidence for Population Health: Promise and Challenges4 Effective Population Health Policy and Science: Finding Common Ground5 Closing RemarksAppendix A: ReferencesAppendix B: Symposium AgendaAppendix C: Biosketches of Speakers and Moderators