Preface About the Editors Contributors Part I. History of Laryngology Chapter 1. History of Laryngology Justin Ross, Mary J. Hawkshaw, and Robert T. Sataloff Pre-Grecian Civilizations Greek and Roman Civilizations Middle Ages Renaissance to Late 19th Century 20th Century to Present Part II. Embryology, Anatomy, and Physiology Chapter 2. Embryology and Development of the Larynx Haig Panossian, Mary J. Hawkshaw, and Robert T. Sataloff Stages and Structures of Development Developmental Anaomalies Postnatal Development Chapter 3. Anatomy and Physiology Justin Ross, Ayman Bodair, Mary J. Hawkshaw, and Robert T. Sataloff Laryngeal Anatomy (Figure 3-1) Phonatory Physiology Esophageal Embryology Esophageal Anatomy Part III. Evaluation and Physical Examination Chapter 4. Patient History and Physical Examination Justin Ross, Mary J. Hawkshaw, and Robert T. Sataloff Patient History Common Laryngologic Problems Laryngeal Examination Vocal Fold Vibratory Abnormalities Voice Examination Swallowing Evaluation (See Chapter 35) Chapter 5. The Clinical Voice Laboratory Haig Panossian, Mary J. Hawkshaw, and Robert T. Sataloff The Purpose of the Clinical Voice Laboratory The Clinical Assessment and Examination Objective Voice Analysis Chapter 6. Laryngeal Electromyography Haig Panossian, Mary J. Hawkshaw, and Robert T. Sataloff Overview EMG Examination Laryngeal EMG Part IV. Laryngologic Disorders Chapter 7. Infections and Inflammatory Disorders of the Larynx Justin Ross, Sammy Othman, Mary J. Hawkshaw, and Robert T. Sataloff Pharyngitis Acute Supraglottitis (Epiglottitis) Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis) Other Infectious Disorders Fungal Infections Angioedema Chapter 8. Non-Neoplastic Structural Abnormalities of the Larynx Justin Ross, Mary J. Hawkshaw, and Robert T. Sataloff Vocal Nodules Laryngeal Cysts Vocal Fold Polyps Contact Granuloma and Vocal Process Ulcer Reactive Lesions Vocal Fold Hemorrhage Reinke's Edema Prolonged Ulcerative Laryngitis Sulcus Vocalis Mucosal Bridge Laryngeal Webs (See Chapter 12) Bowed Vocal Folds Arytenoid Dislocation and Subluxation Chapter 9. Vocal Fold Scar Arthur Uyesugi and Jaime E. Moore Introduction Anatomy of the Vocal Folds Clinical Evaluation Management Chapter 10. Vocal Fold Injury and Repair Susan L. Thibeault Introduction Wound Healing Vocal Fold Manifestations of Injury and Repair Microarray Analysis of Vocal Fold Wound Healing and Benign Vocal Fold Lesions Future Directions and Therapeutic Applications Chapter 11. Laryngotracheal Trauma Yolanda D. Heman-Ackah Introduction Schaefer Classification System for Severity of Laryngeal Injuries Adult Framework Injury Pediatric Framework Injury Soft Tissue Injuries from Blunt Trauma Clinical Evaluation of Blunt Trauma Surgical Exploration and Repair Penetrating Injuries Caustic Injuries (See Chapter 31) Thermal Injuries Iatrogenic Injuries Chapter 12. Acquired Glottic Stenosis Jared M. Goldfarb, Justin Ross, and Joseph R. Spiegel Anatomy Etiology Evaluation Treatment Chapter 13. Acquired Subglottic Stenosis Bhavishya S. Clark, Justin Ross, and Michael M. Johns, III Introduction Anatomy and Physiology of the Subglottis Causes Histology and Pathophysiology Clinical Evaluation Grading Systems for SGS Management Introduction Medical Management Endoscopic Repair Open Repair Prevention Chapter 14. Tracheal Stenosis Jared M. Goldfarb and Joseph R. Spiegel Introduction Anatomy Embryology Congenital Tracheal Stenosis (CTS) Acquired Tracheal Stenosis Differential Diagnosis Diagnosis Management Chapter 15. Benign and Premalignant Lesions of the Larynx Haig Panossian, Justin Ross, Mary J. Hawkshaw, and Robert T. Sataloff Terminology Leukoplakia Erythroplakia Classification Systems of Dysplasia Carcinoma in Situ (CIS) Granular Cell Tumor Lipoma Amyloidosis Cartilaginous Tumors of the Larynx Laryngeal Schwannoma Chapter 16. Laryngeal Neoplasia Travis Weinsheim, Luke J. Pasick, and Christopher E. Fundikowski Overview Subsites and Boundaries Tumor Biology and Pathology Premalignant Lesions (See Table 16-1) Staging (Based on AJCC 8th edition) Treatment (See Table 16-2) Surgical Approaches Communication After Laryngectomy References Part V. Neurolaryngology Chapter 17. Laryngeal Neurophysiology Justin Ross, Mary J. Hawkshaw, and Robert T. Sataloff Introduction Motor Function (See Chapter 3) Sensory Function Laryngeal Reflexes Vocalization Chapter 18. Vocal Fold Paresis and Paralysis Justin Ross, Mary J. Hawkshaw, and Robert T. Sataloff Introduction Evaluation Treatment Bilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis (BVFP) Pediatric Vocal Fold Paralysis (See Chapter 31) Chapter 19. Laryngeal Dystonia Justin Ross and Aaron J. Jaworek Introduction Spasmodic Dysphonia Other Laryngeal Dystonias Chapter 20. Neurologic Disorders Affecting Airway and Voice Justin Ross, Mary J. Hawkshaw, and Robert T. Sataloff Dysarthria Stuttering Neurologic Disorders Part VI. Laryngologic Manifestations of Systemic Diseases Chapter 21. Voice Disorders in the Elderly Karen M. Kost and Justin Ross Introduction Age-Related Laryngeal Changes Other Age-Related Changes Treatment Chapter 22. Reflux Disease Justin Ross, Mary J. Hawkshaw, and Robert T. Sataloff Introduction Histology and Pathophysiology Clinical Evaluation Management Complications of Reflux Disease Reflux in Pediatric Patients Esophagopharyngeal Reflux Chapter 23. Thyroid-Related Disorders of the Larynx Paul M. Papajohn, Nicholas C. Cameron, Mary J. Hawkshaw, and Robert T. Sataloff Introduction Anatomy Physiology Hypothyroidism Hyperthyroidism Evaluation Pathologic Disorders of the Thyroid Surgical Considerations Treatment of Thyroidectomy-Related Vocal Fold Paresis and Paralysis Chapter 24. Autoimmune and Rheumatologic Disease Jason E. Cohn, Jacob Burdett, Mary J. Hawkshaw, and Robert T. Sataloff Patient Evaluation Autoimmune/Inflammatory Conditions of the Larynx Chapter 25. Allergy Austin T. Baker, Sarah Christine Nyirjesy, Justin Ross, and Brian J. McKinnon Immunology of the Allergic Response Allergy Therapies and Treatments Allergic Rhinitis (AR) Chronic Rhinosinusitis Allergy Testing Allergic Laryngitis References Chapter 26. Respiratory Dysfunction Haig Panossian, Mary J. Hawkshaw, and Robert T. Sataloff Anatomy Evaluation Pathophysiology Chapter 27. Cough and the Unified Airway Kevin Tie, Kenneth W. Altman, and Rupali N. Shah Introduction Clinical Evaluation Acute and Subacute Cough Chronic Cough Nonasthmatic Inflammatory Airway Disease in Adults Unexplained Chronic Cough Conclusion References Chapter 28. Care of the Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming Patient Justin Ross, Mary J. Hawkshaw, and Robert T. Sataloff Introduction Medical and Voice Therapy Surgical Therapy Chapter 29. Psychological Dimensions of Voice Disorders Deborah Caputo Rosen Introduction Voice and Emotion Body Image/Self Image Psychological Phases of Vocal Injury Psychological Responses to Voice Surgery Psychopathology Psychogenic Dysphonia/Conversion Disorder Performance Anxiety Psychoactive Medications (Table 29-1) Stress Management Team Treatment of Psychological Dimensions of Voice Disorders Chapter 30. Laryngology and Medication Marissa Evarts, Ghiath Alnouri, Mary J. Hawkshaw, and Robert T. Sataloff Introduction Analgesics Antacids, Anti-secretory, and Prokinetic Agents (See Chapter 22) Antibiotics Beta-lactams Fluoroquinolones Macrolides Antidepressants Antifungals Antihistamines Antihypertensives Antipsychotics Antitussives and Mucolytics Antivirals Chemotherapeutic Agents Corticosteroids Diuretics Hormones Mood-Stabilizing Drugs Neurologics Oral Rinses Sprays, Mists, and Inhalants Herbs and Supplements Part VII. Pediatric Laryngology Chapter 31. Pediatric Laryngology Marissa Evarts, David J. Lafferty, Justin Ross, Mary J. Hawkshaw, and Robert T. Sataloff Introduction Disorders of Pediatric Airway and Voice Congenital Anomalies of Larynx and Trachea Pediatric Tracheal Anomalies Vascular Rings Management of Foreign Bodies Acute Airway Obstruction (AAO) Chronic Airway Obstruction Traumatic Injuries to Larynx, Trachea, Esophagus, and Neck Neoplasms of Larynx and Trachea Pediatric Gastroesophageal Reflux and Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Caustic Ingestion Laundry Detergent Pod Ingestion Part VIII. Surgery Chapter 32. Laryngeal Laser Surgery Haig Panossian and Peak Woo Laser Physics Laser Tissue Interactions Chapter 33. Voice Surgery Haig Panossian, Mary J. Hawkshaw, and Robert T. Sataloff Direct Laryngoscopy Microsurgical Techniques Management of Vocal Fold Paresis/Paralysis In-Office Procedures Postoperative Voice Care Chapter 34. Surgical Airway Harleen Sethi, Justin Ross, Mary J. Hawkshaw, and Robert T. Sataloff Cricothyrotomy Percutaneous Needle Cricothyroidotomy Open Tracheotomy Tracheotomy Care and Management Options Decannulation Percutaneous Tracheotomy Part IX. Swallowing Disorders Chapter 35. Dysphagia Jonathan Aaron Harounian and Nausheen Jamal Introduction Phases of Normal Swallowing Evaluation of Dysphagia Etiology and Treatment Swallow Rehabilitation Strategies References Chapter 36. Esophageal Motility, Stenosis and Achalasia Andrew E. Lee, Jennifer M. Schwartz, Katherine L. Tsavaris, and Asyia Ahmad Esophageal Anatomy Coordination of Swallowing High-Resolution Esophageal Manometry Esophageal Motility Disorders Other Motility Disorders Structural Disorders of the Esophagus Etiologies of Benign Strictures Schatzki Ring Esophageal Webs Esophageal Diverticulum Esophageal Malignancies Extrinsic Structural Disorders of the Esophagus List of Abbreviations References Part X. Therapy Chapter 37. Voice Therapy Bridget A. Rose and Justin Ross Speech and Voice Evaluation Voice Therapy Voice Therapy for Specific Etiologies Singing Voice as Rehabilitative Intervention References Chapter 38. Swallow Therapy Tess T. Andrews Patient Evaluation Plan of Care Swallow Therapy References Index