The United States and India have pledged to deepen the linkages between their people, their businesses, and their governments for the mutual benefit of both countries and for the promotion of global peace, stability, economic growth and prosperity. Both nations are now inclined to improve relations and cooperation, but the nations need specific actions that will yield progress and build confidence and momentum for further cooperation. The Indo-U.S. Workshop on Challenges of Emerging Infections and Global Health Safety, held in November 2014, encouraged scientists from both countries to examine global issues related to emerging and existing infections and global health safety, to share experience and approaches, and to identify opportunities for cooperation to improve practice and research in these areas. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.Table of ContentsFront MatterSynopsisIntroduction1 Framing the Issues2 Human Health3 Human and Animal Health: The Way Ahead4 The Biotechnology Revolution: Exploring New Territory Together5 Laboratory Regulatory Oversight: Finding the Balance6 Applying and Using New Tools and Knowledge Safely7 Collaboration and Going Forward in PartnershipAppendix A: Statement of TaskAppendix B: Vision StatementAppendix C: AgendaAppendix D: Co-Chairs' StatementAppendix E: Biographical Sketches of the U.S. National Research Council Planning Committee MembersAppendix F: Biographical Sketches of Workshop Speakers and Session Chairs