On September 14, 2017, the Roundtable on Population Health Improvement of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop to explore the intersection of health and early childhood care and education, two key social determinants of health. This workshop follows a 2014 roundtable workshop that considered the interface between the education and health sectors broadly, from research and metrics to cross-sectoral partnerships and financing. The 2017 workshop continued that discussion, with a deeper focus on early childhood (birth through age 5) as a critical period in human development and an important opportunity for educational and related interventions. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the 2017 workshop.Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction2 Exploring the Evidence at the Intersection of Early Care and Education with Health3 Cross-Sector Collaboration4 Potential Policy Challenges and Opportunities5 Closing Remarks and Reflections on the DayAppendix A: ReferencesAppendix B: Workshop AgendaAppendix C: Gallery Walk Questions and InputAppendix D: Biographical Sketches of Workshop Speakers and Moderators