In this issue of Anesthesiology Clinics, guest editors Drs. Neal H. Cohen and Gail van Norman bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Ethical Approaches to the Practice of Anesthesiology - Part 2: Ethical Constructs that Impact Health Policy, Research, and Professional Integrity. In this second of a two-part series, top experts discuss topics such as health equity and social determinants of health; diversity and inclusion in anesthesia practice; ethical principles of clinical and translational research; ethics and controversies in animal subjects research and impact on clinical decision-making; falsification and fabrication in research data; and more. Contains 14 relevant, practice-oriented topics including conflicts of interest in anesthesia practice; ethical standards in publication: plagiarism, ghost writing and “guest authorship”; ethics of expert witnesses; anesthesiologist and capital punishment/lethal injection; environmental stewardship in anesthesia practice; and more. Provides in-depth clinical reviews on ethical approaches to the practice of anesthesiology, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.