Glossary; List of Abbreviations; Introduction; Part I. What is Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing?: 1. What is cardiopulmonary exercise testing?; 2. Exercise physiology; 3. Anaerobic threshold, ventilatory, and cardiovascular response to exercise and the Fick principle; Part II. Conducting a Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test: 4. Conduct of a CPET; 5. Spirometry and flow-volume loops; 6. Ergometers and work rate increment, equipment, staff, and preparation; 7. Workload, breath-by-breath analysis and test phases, and stopping a cardiopulmonary exercise test; Part III. Interpreting a Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test: 8. Different plots and CPET interpretation; 9. RER versus time (or work rate) plot; 10. VO2 (and VCO2) versus work rate versus time plot; 11. VCO2 versus VO2 plot; 12. VEVO2 and VEVCO2 versus time (or work or VO2) plot; 13. PETO2 and PETCO2 versus time (or work or VO2) plot; 14. Heart rate and O2 pulse (VO2/HR) versus time plot; 15. VE versus time plot; 16. VE versus VCO2 plot; 17. Vt versus VE plot; 18. Additional parameters of interest and presentation of results; Part IV. Assessment of Exercise Capacity and Causes of Exercise Limitation and Dyspnoea: 19. General interpretation and a normal test; 20. Submaximal test; 21. CPET in trained athletes, deconditioning, and obesity; 22. Cardiovascular limitation; 23. Ventilatory limitation; 24. Pulmonary vascular limitation; 25. Peripheral vascular limitation; 26. Peripheral muscle limitation; 27. CPET and dyspnoea; 28. Dysfunctional breathing; 29. Peri-operative risk stratification and shared decision making; Further Reading; Index.