List of Illustrations Acknowledgments Introduction: An Overview of This Volume and of Significant Concepts Used Robbie Davis-Floyd and Ashish Premkumar Chapter 1. Open and Closed Knowledge Systems, the 4 Stages of Cognition, and the Obstetric Management of Birth Robbie Davis-Floyd Chapter 2. From “Mastership” to Active Management of Labor: The Culture of Irish Obstetrics and Obstetricians Margaret Dunlea, Martina Hynan, Jo Murphy-Lawless, Magdalena Ohaja, Malgorzata Stach and Jeannine Webster Chapter 3. Becoming an Obstetrician in Greece: Medical Training, Informal Scripts, and the Routinization of Cesarean Birth Eugenia Georges Chapter 4. Physiologic Birth Entails Economic Damage: Financial Incentives for the Performance of Cesareans in Chile Michelle Sadler and Gonzalo Leiva Chapter 5. The Introduction of “Natural Cesareans” in Swiss Hospitals: A Conversation with One of Its Pioneers Caroline Chautems, Irene Maffi, and Alexandre Farin Chapter 6. Scoring Women, Calculating Risk: The MFMU VBAC Calculator Nicholas Rubashkin Chapter 7. On Risk and Responsibility: Contextualizing Practice among Mexican Obstetricians Vania Smith-Oka and Lydia Z. Dixon Chapter 8. Crossing Bodily, Social, and Intimate Boundaries: How Class, Ethnic, and Gender Differences Are Reproduced in Medical Training in Mexico Vania Smith-Oka and Megan K. Marshalla Chapter 9. The Limitations of Understanding Structural Inequality: Obstetricians’ Accounts of Caring for Substance-Using Patients in the US Katharine McCabe Chapter 10. Contraceptive Provision by Obstetricians/Gynecologists in the US: Biases, Misperceptions, and Barriers to an Essential Reproductive Health Service Melissa Goldin Evans Chapter 11. Cognition, Risk, and Responsibility: Home Birth and Why Obstetricians Fear It Amali U. Lokugamage and Claire Feeley Conclusions: Concepts, Conceptual Frameworks, and Lessons Learned Robbie Davis-Floyd and Ashish Premkumar Index