Cancer is low or absent on the health agendas of low- and middle-income countries (LMCs) despite the fact that more people die from cancer in these countries than from AIDS and malaria combined. International health organizations, bilateral aid agencies, and major foundations—which are instrumental in setting health priorities—also have largely ignored cancer in these countries. This book identifies feasible, affordable steps for LMCs and their international partners to begin to reduce the cancer burden for current and future generations. Stemming the growth of cigarette smoking tops the list to prevent cancer and all the other major chronic diseases. Other priorities include infant vaccination against the hepatitis B virus to prevent liver cancers and vaccination to prevent cervical cancer. Developing and increasing capacity for cancer screening and treatment of highly curable cancers (including most childhood malignancies) can be accomplished using "resource-level appropriateness" as a guide. And there are ways to make inexpensive oral morphine available to ease the pain of the many who will still die from cancer.Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Cancer Causes and Risk Factors and the Elements of Cancer Control3 The Cancer Burden in Low- and Middle-Income Countries and How It Is Measured4 Defining Resource-Level-Appropriate Cancer Control5 Preventing Cancers (and Other Diseases) by Reducing Tobacco Use6 Compelling Opportunities in Global Cancer Control7 Palliative Care8 Cancer Centers in Low- and Middle-Income Countries9 Advocacy for Cancer Control10 Expanding the Role of the Global Community in Cancer ControlAppendix A Cancer Control in Malaysia and TanzaniaAppendix B Acronyms and Abbreviations