This book brings together literature, empirical research findings from two projects, and policy analysis to examine how some forces in England have adopted the approach of treating crimes against sex workers as hate crimes.

Chapter 1: Why Is Hate Crime a Helpful Concept to Respond to Violence Against Sex Workers?.- Chapter 2: What is hate crime in the context of sex work?.- Chapter 3: Sex work, crimes and policing in the UK.- Chapter 4: The inclusion of sex work in the policing of hate crime: The Merseyside Model.- Chapter 5: ‘Everyday’ hate directed at sex workers.- Chapter 6: The invisible victim: barriers to accessing criminal justice.- Chapter 7: Developing, implementing and maintaining the model.- Chapter 8: Conclusions: Implications for law, policing and scholarship.

This book provides an enthralling narrative of a hate crime approach to the treatment of violence committed against sex workers. The book is an original contribution to the literature on violence and sex work and should be a go-to for those studying and working in this area.Gillian Abel, University of OtagoThis book is an account of an extraordinary body of work spread over many years. It speaks to those of us committed to carving out law, policy and practice, which can impact positively on the rights and safety of sex workers. It is, undoubtedly, a significant step forward, providing a much needed analysis for so many of us working in this domain.Dame Catherine Healy, New Zealand Prostitutes CollectiveThis book brings together literature, empirical research findings from two projects, and policy analysis to examine how some forces in England have adopted the approach of treating crimes against sex workers as hate crimes. Thisbook identifies some of the benefits and challenges of the hate crime approach to crimes against sex workers, both operationally and for some of the victims of crime. The authors argue that the hate crime approach should not be seen as an alternative to decriminalisation of sex work but can provide a pathway to achieving more sensitive but robust policing of crimes against sex workers.Rosie Campbell OBE is a freelance consultant focused on applied research and third sector leadership. She is a ‘pracademic’ moving between research and managing frontline sex work support services, delivering and developing sex work projects and contributing to multi agency responses to sex work. She has been involved in researching sex work in a range of sectors and geographical areas of the UK for over two decades.Teela Sanders is Professor of Criminology at the University of Leicester, UK. She is a leading international scholar in research on the intersections between gender, regulation, governance and crime, specifically in the sex industry. Sanders has written 8 books, edited 10, and has over 60 peer reviewed journal articles, based on research projects funded from major research councils.

This book provides an enthralling narrative of a hate crime approach to the treatment of violence committed against sex workers. It draws from studies carried out in two cities in the UK to provide a comprehensive account of a hate crime model of policing. The book is an original contribution to the literature on violence and sex work, written by two authors of international renown and should be a go-to for those studying and working in this area.Gillian Abel, University of Otago This book is an account of an extraordinary body of work spread over many years. It will have broad appeal to all people who have an interest in pursuing a deeper understanding of hate crimes in the context of sexwork. Importantly, it speaks to those of us committed to carving out law, policy and practice, which can impact positively on the  rights, safety, health and well-being of sexworkers. It is, undoubtedly, a significant step forward, providinga much needed analysis for so many of us working in this domain.Dame Catherine Healy, New Zealand Prostitutes CollectiveThis is an important book, based on a long history of research, analysis and practice in addressing hate crime against sex workers  - essential reading!Professor Maggie O’Neill, Professor of Sociology and Criminology, University College Cork

Marks a new direction in hate crime studies, criminology and social policy Outlines the first policy model which formally recognises and treats crimes against sex workers as hate crime Explores the policy implications of the inclusion of sex workers in hate crime policy and practice