Contents: 1 Introduction: trade wars past and present: causes, dynamics and consequences 1 Ka Zeng and Wei Liang PART I THE GLOBAL ORIGINS OF TRADE WARS: MARKET CHANGES AND INSTITUTIONAL CONSTRAINTS 2 The structure of international trade, global value chains and trade wars in the twenty-first century 27 Louise Curran and Jappe Eckhardt 3 Financial crises and trade wars: has globalization failed to deliver? 47 David A. Deese and Sam Biasi 4 Multilateral trade governance and the US–China Trade War (2018‒) 63 Faizel Ismail PART II THE DOMESTIC ORIGINS OF TRADE WARS 5 Preferences, domestic institutions and trade wars 82 Timm Betz and Lu Sun 6 The trade Zax: explaining when regulatory disputes escalate into trade wars 112 Gary Winslett 7 The uneven impact of exchange rate movements on trade disputes 130 Patrick J.W. Egan 8 US trade deficit as an American problem 151 Imad Moosa PART III SCOPE, PROCESSES AND DYNAMICS OF TRADE WARS 9 Escalation, economic coverage and institutional scope in trade wars 175 Dirk De Bièvre and Emile van Ommeren 10 The strategic calculus of WTO dispute initiation: evidence from the United States 191 J. Tyson Chatagnier, Arlo Poletti and Aydin B. Yildirim 11 Economic rivals, security allies: the US–Japan trade war 209 Kristi Govella PART IV CASE IN POINT: THE TIT-FOR-TAT OF THE US–CHINA TRADE WAR (2018‒) 12 The US–China trade war of 2018‒2020: origins and consequences 231 Thomas Hout 13 American multinational corporations and the U.S.–China trade war 252 Jiakun Jack Zhang 14 US–China intellectual property trade wars 271 Peter K. Yu 15 “Forced” technology transfer and China’s industrial policy: a case of study high-speed rail 288 Gerald Chan PART V AMERICA FIRST: TRUMP’S TRADE OFFENSIVE AGAINST US ALLIES AND NEIGHBORS 16 US–EU trade war: a new page from an old playbook? 304 Marcia Don Harpaz 17 Japan–US trade “war” under the Trump Administration: from the US’ withdrawal from the TPP to the Japan–US trade agreement 326 Junji Nakagawa 18 United States–South Korea trade conflict: economic and security issues in the Trump era and beyond 341 James F. Paradise 19 USMCA, Covid-19 and the US–China trade war: North America’s shifting supply chains 361 David A. Gantz PART VI FLASHPOINTS: TRADE WARS IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC 20 Trade wars at the intersection of memory and industrial policy in Japan and South Korea 381 Kristin Vekasi 21 Navigating the triple dilemma: South Korea’s trade disputes with neighboring countries in the era of politicized economic interdependence 398 Seung-Youn Oh Index