Compares the distinctive welfare states of Latin America, East Asia, and Eastern Europe. This book traces the historical origins of social policy in these regions to crucial political changes in the mid-twentieth century, and show how the legacies of these early choices are influencing welfare reform following democratization and globalization.

List of Figures xi List of Tables xiii Preface and Acknowledgments xvii Abbreviations xxiii INTRODUCTION: Toward a Political Economy of Social Policy 1 PART ONE: The Historical Origins of Welfare Systems, 1945-80 25 CHAPTER ONE: Social Policy in Latin America, East Asia, and Eastern Europe, 1945-80: An Overview 27 CHAPTER TWO: The Expansion of Welfare Commitments in Latin America, 1945-80 79 CHAPTER THREE: The Evolution of Social Contracts in East Asia, 1950-80 114 CHAPTER FOUR: Building the Socialist Welfare State: The Expansion of Welfare Commitments in Eastern Europe 143 PART TWO: Democratization, Economic Crisis, and Welfare Reform, 1980-2005 179 CHAPTER FIVE: The Political Economy of Welfare Reform 181 CHAPTER SIX: Democracy, Growth, and the Evolution of Social Contracts in East Asia, 1980-2005 221 CHAPTER SEVEN: Democracy, Economic Crisis, and Social Policy in Latin America, 1980-2005 262 CHAPTER EIGHT: The Legacy of the Socialist Welfare State, 1990-2005 305 CONCLUSION: Latin America, East Asia, Eastern Europe, and the Theory of the Welfare State 346 APPENDIX ONE: Cross-National Empirical Studies of the Effects of Democracy on Social Policy and Social Outcomes 365 APPENDIX TWO: Fiscal Federalism and Social Spending in Latin America, East Asia, and Eastern Europe 370 APPENDIX THREE: A Cross-Section Model of Social Policy and Outcomes in Middle-Income Countries, 1973-80 372 APPENDIX FOUR: Regime-Coding Rules 379 APPENDIX FIVE: A Cross-Section, Time-Series Model of Social Spending in Latin America, East Asia, and Eastern Europe, 1980-2000 382 APPENDIX SIX: Social Security, Health, and Education Expenditure in East Asia, Latin America, and Eastern Europe, 1980-2005 387 References 399 Index 449

One of Choice's Outstanding Academic Titles for 2009 "In this new work, the authors make another major contribution to the field of comparative political economy by examining in a thorough manner the various factors that influence the different trajectories of social policy (primarily the development and reform of welfare policies) in middle-income countries of Latin America, East Asia, and Eastern Europe... This will be an important and widely cited work in the field."--Choice "The in-depth comparative investigation into the welfare states in developing and former-communist countries provided in Development, Democracy, and Welfare States is unprecedented. This book will likely be the point of departure for most future work on welfare states in any of these regions... The conclusion of the book, in addition to presenting the significant findings of this initial investigation, could be read as a research agenda for students of welfare-state (re)formation in Latin America, East Asia, and Eastern Europe."--Kristin Nickel Makszin, Czech Sociological Review "[T]he first of its kind and one that opens new paths... The main strength of the book is ... its very articulate comparative historical analysis covering a range of policy issues and countries. The book is already a must-read and excellent contribution to the field."--Emre Uckardesler, International Review of Modern Sociology "Development, Democracy, and Welfare States transforms the comparative study of welfare states or regimes outside of the advanced industrial countries... [I]t goes much further than its predecessors in integrating a detailed and original analysis of cross-national statistical data into an excellent synthesis of existing literature... Development, Democracy, and Welfare States makes an enormous contribution to the field of comparative political economy."--Jeremy Seekings, Perspectives on Politics "This book, written by a leading partnership of political scientists, is a milestone of synthesis, a valuable source of data, and a model for macro-comparative history."--Jeremy Adelman, International History Review "[T]his book is insightful and will be influential in the annals of comparative political economy... For students of comparative welfare states, this book is a must-read because Haggard and Kaufman have set a high standard for further comparative inquiry."--Yun Fan, Taiwan Journal of Democracy "Haggard and Kaufman's work is praiseworthy for its painstaking execution of an empirically robust comparative project aimed at pattern identification--an endeavor crucial for analyzing the three regions once regarded as fundamentally distinct... This book is insightful and will be influential in the annals of comparative political economy... For students of comparative welfare states, this book is a must-read because Haggard and Kaufman have set a high standard for further comparative inquiry."--Yun Fan, Journal of Democracy "[T]he book truly excels in constructing a new, parsimonious, and concise middle-range theory of the political economy of the welfare state in the emerging markets through a broad comparison that successfully narrows the range of explanatory variables. It also presents a convincing counterargument against dire predictions of a 'neo-liberal' revolution and massive rollbacks of the key social programs in the new democracies. Without a doubt the book makes an outstanding contribution to literature that will benefit student, and scholars of both comparative social policy and eastern Europe for many years to come."--Tomasz Inglot, Slavic Review "There is lot to like about this book. The scope of it alone is impressive. In almost 450 fact-packed pages, including a reference list of almost 50 pages, as well as six Appendix-sections of method and illustrative graphs, Stephan Haggard and Robert R. Kaufman take the reader on a journey of social policy in a wide range of countries in Latin America, East Asia and Eastern Europe. This fact alone could very well make this the text-book on the particular subject matter."--Daniel Ankarloo, East Asia Quarterly "Development, Democracy, and Welfare States ... is an outstanding historical analysis of the development in three regions: Latin America, Southeast Asia, and Eastern Europe."--Juan Carlos Echeverry, Business History Review

"While many authors cannot see beyond the borders of their own country, Haggard and Kaufman masterfully compare Latin America, East Asia, and East Europe from a global perspective. These two great scholars analyze urgent contemporary problems, the status and future fate of the welfare state, and the relationship of changes with the creation and development of democracy with remarkable expertise, precision, and human empathy."—János Kornai, professor emeritus, Harvard University and Collegium Budapest"This ambitious book extends the theoretical framework of the literature on welfare states in the advanced capitalist countries, and situates the experience of these countries in a broader comparative context. Haggard and Kaufman bring out the multifaceted implications of development models and regime types for social policy. Their synthetic account is truly a tour de force and a testimony to the fruitfulness of cross-regional comparison."—Jonas Pontusson, Princeton University"A masterly analysis of how political interests, economic circumstances, development strategies, and local history have shaped what are surprisingly different versions of the welfare state across the developing world. The authors combine fine-grained country analyses with intelligent use of data, and explain and extend the theory and literature on the modern welfare state. The book is both scholarly and readable."—Nancy Birdsall, president of the Center for Global Development"This book has no equal in the welfare-state literature, a truly impressive achievement. Haggard and Kaufman combine meticulous scholarship with sophisticated theoretical guidance in this study of welfare state evolution in Latin America, Asia, and East Europe. The book not only fills a huge void in our knowledge, it also compels us to seriously rethink prevailing theory."—Gøsta Esping-Andersen, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona"A very, very valuable book. Haggard and Kaufman are up to their old tricks—helping establish a new line of investigation in a desperately understudied field. This book will be widely read, heavily cited, and will inspire a generation of research. It is going to have an important impact in comparative politics and beyond."—Erik Wibbels, Duke University"A major undertaking that will make a significant contribution to the scholarship on welfare states in political science and sociology. This ambitious book provides a wealth of information on twenty-one countries' social welfare trajectories from the end of World War II to the present. Haggard and Kaufman provide quantitative analysis of trends with detailed country histories, which makes for an empirically rich account."—Nina Bandelj, University of California, Irvine

While many authors cannot see beyond the borders of their own country, Haggard and Kaufman masterfully compare Latin America, East Asia, and East Europe from a global perspective. These two great scholars analyze urgent contemporary problems, the status and future fate of the welfare state, and the relationship of changes with the creation and development of democracy with remarkable expertise, precision, and human empathy. -- Janos Kornai, professor emeritus, Harvard University and Collegium Budapest This ambitious book extends the theoretical framework of the literature on welfare states in the advanced capitalist countries, and situates the experience of these countries in a broader comparative context. Haggard and Kaufman bring out the multifaceted implications of development models and regime types for social policy. Their synthetic account is truly a tour de force and a testimony to the fruitfulness of cross-regional comparison. -- Jonas Pontusson, Princeton University A masterly analysis of how political interests, economic circumstances, development strategies, and local history have shaped what are surprisingly different versions of the welfare state across the developing world. The authors combine fine-grained country analyses with intelligent use of data, and explain and extend the theory and literature on the modern welfare state. The book is both scholarly and readable. -- Nancy Birdsall, president of the Center for Global Development This book has no equal in the welfare-state literature, a truly impressive achievement. Haggard and Kaufman combine meticulous scholarship with sophisticated theoretical guidance in this study of welfare state evolution in Latin America, Asia, and East Europe. The book not only fills a huge void in our knowledge, it also compels us to seriously rethink prevailing theory. -- Gosta Esping-Andersen, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona A very, very valuable book. Haggard and Kaufman are up to their old tricks--helping establish a new line of investigation in a desperately understudied field. This book will be widely read, heavily cited, and will inspire a generation of research. It is going to have an important impact in comparative politics and beyond. -- Erik Wibbels, Duke University A major undertaking that will make a significant contribution to the scholarship on welfare states in political science and sociology. This ambitious book provides a wealth of information on twenty-one countries' social welfare trajectories from the end of World War II to the present. Haggard and Kaufman provide quantitative analysis of trends with detailed country histories, which makes for an empirically rich account. -- Nina Bandelj, University of California, Irvine