European Monetary Union and the greater financial integration that it helped bring about is a mega "natural experiment" that raises many new interesting research questions. This collection of articles by leading finance scholars provides the most extensive and significant analysis of the transformation of European financial institutions and markets to date. Patrick Bolton, Barbara and David Zalaznick Professor of Business, Columbia Business School There is a need for a timely, detailed book on many aspects of modern European finance. This volume will be an excellent reference for all of us in financial markets. Jim O'Neill, Global Chief Economist, Goldman Sachs Xavier Freixas, Philipp Hartmann and Colin Mayer have provided us with an accessible and much needed and detailed panorama of the European financial integration process. This remarkable collection of articles by leading academics, market participants and policy economists analyzes in a rigorous fashion the challenges for financial reforms in an increasingly integrated market. This impressive handbook will be tremendously useful for policy makers in Europe and beyond. Jean-Claude Trichet, President of the European Central Bank