1. The Norm Development of Digital Sovereignty between China, Russia, the EU and the US: From the Late 1990s to the COVID Crisis 2020/21 as Catalytic Event Johannes Thumfart, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium 2. Artountability: Art & Algorithmic Accountability Peter Booth, BI Norwegian Business School, Norway, Lucas Evers, Waag Technology & Society Foundation, the Netherlands, Eduard Fosch Villaronga, Leiden University, the Netherlands, Christoph Lutz, BI Norwegian Business School, Norway, Fiona McDermott, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland, Piera Riccio, Politecnico di Torino, Italy, Vincent Rioux, National School of Fine Arts, France, Alan M Sears, Leiden University, the Netherlands, Aurelia Tamò-Larrieux, University of St. Gallen, Switzerland, and Maranke Wieringa, Utrecht University, the Netherlands3. Expectations of Privacy: The Three Tests Deployed by the European Court of Human Rights Bart Van der Sloot, Tilburg University, the Netherlands 4. Multistakeholderism in the Brazilian General Data Protection Law: History and Learnings Bruno Bioni, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil, and Mariana Rielli, Data Privacy Brazil Research Association 5. The Dual Function of Explanations: Why Computing Explanations is of Value Niko Tsakalakis, University of Southampton, UK, Sophie Stalla-Bourdillon, University of Southampton, UK, Laura Carmichael, University of Southampton, UK, Dong Huynh, King’s College London, UK, Luc Moreau, King’s College London, UK and Ayah Helal, King’s College London, UK 6. COVID-19 Pandemic and GDPR: When Scientific Research Becomes a Component of Public Deliberation Ludovica Paseri, University of Bologna, Italy 7. The Pandemic Crisis as Test Case to Verify the European Union’s Personal Data Protection System Ability to Support Scientific Research Valentina Colcelli, Italian National Research Council 8. Data Protection Law and the EU Digital COVID Certificate FrameworkDaniela Dzurakova (nee Galatova), Pan-European University, Slovakia, and Olga Gkotsopoulou, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium 9. The DPIA: Clashing Stakeholder Interests in the Smart City?Laurens Vandercruysse, Michaël Dooms, and Caroline Buts, all at Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium10. Solidarity – ‘The Power of the Powerless’: Closing Remarks of the European Data Protection Supervisor Wojciech Wiewiorowski, European Data Protection Supervisor

This new volume in the Computers, Privacy and Data Protection series collects a selection of papers from the 14th CPDP Conference (2021), addressing issues regarding privacy, data protection and enforcing rights in the world during and after the pandemic.

Cutting-edge research from the world-leading Computers, Privacy and Data Protection conference (CPDP).The Computers, Privacy and Data Protection series, now published by Hart, collects multidisciplinary peer-reviewed scientific manuscripts that are the result of papers that have been presented at the international Computers, Privacy and Data Protection conference (CPDP), that takes place every year in Brussels. As a world-leading multidisciplinary conference, CPDP gathers, within an atmosphere of independence and mutual respect, academics, lawyers, practitioners, policy-makers, industry and civil society from all over the world, offering them an arena to exchange ideas and discuss the latest emerging issues and trends. The series provides cutting edge research on legal, regulatory, academic and technological development in privacy and data protection. The books, which have been published since 2009 with growing success, are comprised of academic research dealing with topics such as recent developments in privacy and data protection law, multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary insights in privacy and data protection, privacy by design, privacy enhancing technologies and emerging technologies such as conversational agents, machine-learning algorithms, internet of things and cloud computing. The book series discusses daring and prospective approaches and serves as an insightful resource for readers with an interest in computers, privacy and data protection.