1. International Criminal Tribunals, Legitimacy and the Amicus Curiae I. Introduction II. Why International Criminal Tribunals? And Which Ones? III. Legitimacy in International Criminal Justice IV. Legitimacy and the Amicus Curiae V. Method and Chapter Overview 2. The Amicus Curiae in Comparative Perspective I. Adopting a Functional Approach II. Standing to Bring a Claim III. Joinder of Claims and Cases IV. Intervention V. The Amicus Curiae: A Friend of the Court VI. Relevance of Comparative Practice to International Criminal Tribunals 3. The Amicus Curiae in International Criminal Tribunals: An Introduction I. Overview II. Standing in International Criminal Tribunals III. History of Amicus Curiae Participation in International Criminal Tribunals IV. The Amicus Curiae Prosecutor and the Prosecutor as Amicus Curiae V. Limits on Amicus Curiae Participation VI. The Amicus Curiae and Other Mechanisms for Expertise, Representation and Communication VII. Conclusion 4. The Amicus Curiae in International Criminal Tribunals in Practice I. Introduction II. Who Can Participate as an Amicus Curiae? III. When Can an Amicus Curiae Participate? IV. How do Amici Curiae Participate? V. Substantive Criteria for Admitting Amici Curiae VI. Impact of Amicus Curiae Submissions VII. Participation in ICC Reparations Proceedings VIII. Conclusions 5. Civil Society Actors as Amici Curiae I. Introduction II. Overview of Civil Society Actors at International Criminal Tribunals III. The Expertise Function and Civil Society Actors IV. Representation of Interests by Civil Society as Amici Curiae V. The Communicative Function and Civil Society VI. Impact of Civil Society Amicus Curiae Submissions VII. Conclusion 6. The Amicus Curiae and the Defence I. Introduction II. Overview of Defence Amicus Curiae Practice III. The Defence and the Provision of Expertise through the Amicus Curiae IV. The Use of the Amicus Curiae to Represent the Interests of the Defence V. The Communicative Function and the Defence VI. Conclusion 7. Representing State Interests I. Introduction II. Overview of State and International Organisation Amicus Curiae Practice III. State and International Organisation Amici Providing Expertise IV. The State or International Organisation Amici Representing an Interest V. State Amici Performing a Communicative Function VI. The Challenge of Engaging Reluctant or Resistant States VII. Conclusion 8. Conclusion

Studies in International and Comparative Criminal Law Criminal law had long been regarded as the preserve of national legal systems, and comparative research in criminal law for a long time had something of an academic ivory tower quality. However, in the past 15 years it has been transformed into an increasingly, and moreover practically, relevant subject of study for international and comparative lawyers. This can be attributed to numerous factors, such as the establishment of ad hoc international criminal tribunals and the International Criminal Court, as well as to developments within the EU, the UN and other international organisations. There is a myriad of initiatives related to tackling terrorism, money laundering, organised crime, people trafficking and the drugs trade, and the international 'war' on terror. Criminal law is being used to address global or regional problems, often across the borders of fundamentally different legal systems, only one of which is the traditional divide between common and civil law approaches. It is therefore no longer solely a matter for domestic lawyers. The need exists for a global approach which encompasses comparative and international law. Responding to this development this new series will include books on a wide range of topics, including studies of international law, EU law, the work of specific international tribunals, and comparative studies of national systems of criminal law. Given that the different systems to a large extent operate based on the idiosyncracies of the peoples and states that have created them, the series will also welcome pertinent historical, criminological and socio-legal research into these issues. Editorial Committee: Cheah Wui Ling (NUS, Singapore) Caroline Fournet (Groningen, The Netherlands) Rachel Killean, (QUB, Belfast) Dawn Rothe (FAU, USA) Liling Yue (Beijing, China) Heike Jung (Saarbrücken, Germany) Adel Ibrahim Maged (Cairo, Egypt) Wolfgang Schomburg (Berlin, Germany) Noha Aboueldahab (Brookings Institute, Doha) Gleb I Bogush (HSE University, Russia) Hector Olasolo (Universidad del Rosario, Colombia) Leigh Swigart (Brandeis University, USA) Sarah Williams (University of New South Wales, Australia)