Acknowledgments Tables Abbreviations and Conventions Introduction 1. Biography of Mazu Daoyi Mazu’s Youth in Sichuan (709–ca. 729) Wandering and Training in Hubei and Hunan (ca. 730–742 Teaching on the Mountains of Fujian and Jiangxi (742–772 Establishing the Hongzhou Community (772–788) 2. Mazu Daoyi’s Disciples Tianhuang Daowu Danxia Tianran Yaoshan Weiyan New List of Mazu’s Disciples 3. Examination of the Hongzhou School Literature Emergence and Maturity of Encounter Dialogue Discourse Records Attributed to Mazu Texts and Discourses Attributed to Mazu’s Disciples 4. Chan Doctrine and Practice of the Hongzhou School “Ordinary Mind Is the Way” Original Enlightenment and No-Cultivation “Buddha-nature Manifests in Function” New Practice of Encounter Dialogue and New Terminology and Imagery 5. Road to Orthodoxy Baolin zhuan: Its Author and Twofold Claim of Orthodoxy Chan Verses Attributed to Baozhi and Yongjia Xuanjue Establishment of Chan Monasteries and Monastic Regulations Expansion of the Hongzhou School and Imperial Recognition 6. Schism of the Hongzhou School during the Late Tang and Five Dynasties: Deconstructing the Traditional Genealogy of Two Lines and Five Houses Controversies over and Development of the Hongzhou Doctrine The Schism of the Hongzhou School and the Rise of the Shitou Line and Various Houses: Deconstructing the Genealogy Appendix Annotated Translation of Mazu Daoyi’s Discourses Notes Glossary Bibliography Index

"This is a gem of sinological scholarship … the author's research diligence is impressive indeed. Any specialist in Chinese religions allowed to take only a single secondary work on this crucial middle period of Chinese Chan history to some imaginary desert island … would certainly select this volume for its encyclopedic citation of primary and secondary sources, its integrated strategy of critically defining a corpus of authentic documents followed by their systematic analysis, and its closely reasoned analysis of historical and doctrinal issues." — H-Net Reviews (H-Buddhism)"There is certainly much to admire in this work, which will be consulted in future by all scholars working on the development of Chan, especially for its accounts of long-disputed sources." — Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies"Jia critically surveys the available scholarship in Japanese, English, and Chinese, and puts forth her own conclusions supported by extensive citations of traditional Chinese sources that have generally been overlooked." — Steven Heine, author of Dogen and the Koan Tradition: A Tale of Two Shobogenzo Texts