PrefaceIntroduction1. Discoveries and Discussions2. Judea and Judaism from the 5th Century to the End of the 2nd Century3. Jewish Parties4. Essenes and Christianity5. Essenes and Rabbinic Judaism6. Final RemarksAppendix I: Notice on the Schools: Pharisees, Sadducees, EssenesAppendix II: The HerodiansAPPENDIX III: MapsIndex

This series focuses on early Jewish and Christian texts and their formative contexts; it also includes sourcebooks that help clarify the ancient world. Five aspects distinguish this series. First, the series reflects the need to situate, and to seek to understand, these ancient texts within their originating social and historical contexts. Second, the series assumes that it is now often difficult to distinguish between Jewish and Christian documents, since all early Christians were Jews. Jesus and his earliest followers were devout Jews who shared many ideas with the well-known Jewish groups, especially the Pharisees, the Essenes, and the various apocalyptic groups. Third, the series recognizes that there were (and still are) many ways of understanding authoritative literature or scripture. Therefore, we must not impose a static notion of canon on the early period of our culture and in turn denigrate some texts with labels such as non-canonical since such terms are anachronistic designations that were only later imposed on the early documents. Fourth, the series emphasizes the need to include all relevant sources and documents, including non-literary data, and that all important methodologies - from archaeology and sociology to rhetoric and theology - should be employed to clarify the origin and meaning of the documents. Fifth, scientific research is at the foundation of these publications which are directed to scholars and those interested in Jewish and Christian origins.