Andreas Osiander's teaching of Christ's indwelling in the Spirit as a form of justification for sinners was met with violent rejection by many leading Lutheran theologians of his time, who saw it as a devaluation of Jesus Christ's crucifixion. This volume of the edition series "Controversia et Confessio" documents the so-called Osianderic Controversy from 1551 on the basis of selected sources. Since Osiander's texts are already available in critical editions, the present edition concentrates primarily on the writings of the opponents, it contains, among other things, texts by Philipp Melanchthon, Matthias Flacius, Joachim Moerlin; but defenders of Osiander also have their say, such as Johannes Funck and Matthäus Vogel.