I. TEXTUAL TREATMENT AND PHILOLOGICAL TREATMENTII. SOME EXAMPLES IN GREATER DETAIL(1) speak(2) speech(3) be impudent, shameless(4) not meaning know(5) call(6) body of elders(7) fresh vegetables(8) herald(9) pleasant, delightful and dig, bore(10) protect and warrior(11) A Grammatical Example(12) Enclitic Mem(13) Some General StatementsIII. SOME HISTORICAL ASPECTS(1) The Disuse of Hebrew among the Jews(2) Linguistic Elements in Jewish Interpretation(3) Early Intra-linguistic Relations(4) Aspects of the History of Jewish Grammatical Studies(5) More Recent TrendsIV. ASPECTS OF COMPARATIVE PHILOLOGICAL METHOD(1) History(2) Sound(3) Meaning(4) GeneralV. PRELIMINARY QUESTIONS IN PHILOLOGICAL TREATMENTS(1) General(2) Metathesis and Dialect(3) Loan-words and Words of non-Semitic Origin(4) Area Preferences within Comparative Philology(5) Problems of the Lexicographical Tradition(6) ‘Aramaisms’ and Similar TermsVI. THE DISTRIBUTION OF HOMONYMS(1) General(2) Homonyms and Communication(3) The Count of Known Homonyms(4) Homonymy and StyleVII. THE DISTRIBUTION OF LEXICAL RESOURCES IN THE SEMITIC LANGUAGES(1) General(2) Biliteral Theories(3) Semantic Fields(4) Words with Opposite Meanings (Addad)(5) Patterning of Roots and Compatibility of Consonants(6) Words Known Through Personal Names(7) Lexicostatistics or GlottochronologyVIII. THE MASSORETES, VOCALIZATION AND EMENDATION(1) General(2) Fallibility in the Consonantal Text(3) The Importance of the Vocalization(4) Evidence for Pre-Massoretic Vocalization(5) ConclusionsIX. LATE HEBREW AND THE LOSS OF VOCABULARY(1) General(2) The Question of the Hebrew Text(3) The Question of the Versional Text(4) Imprecise Methods of Translation(5) The Use of Favourite Words(6) Etymologizing(7) Free Rewriting(8) Additional Points in the Use of the Versions(9) Uncertainty about the Meaning of the Version(10) The Versions and the Grammar of the Original(11) ConclusionsXI. SOME PARTICULAR LINGUISTICS, LITERARY, AND CULTURAL PROBLEMS(1) Onomatopoeia(2) Some Linguistic-cultural Relations(3) Parellelism(4) Religious Factors(5) The Argument from ActualityXII. SUMMING-UPAppendix: Comparison of Syriac and Hebrew VerbsABBREVIATIONSBIBLIOGRAPHYINDEX OF EXAMPLESINDEXESPOSTSCRIPTPHILOLOGY AND EXEGESISUGARITIC AND HEBREW ‘SBM’?LIMITATIONS OF ETYMOLOGY AS A LEXICOGRAPHICAL INSTRUMENT IN BIBLICAL HEBREW