Over the past 40 years, Jim Cummins has originated theories which have had a profound effect on the education of multilingual learners across the world. In this book he traces the development of these theories, and addresses the critiques they have received and their subsequent impact on his thinking and the application of his theories in schools.

Acknowledgements Lily Wong Fillmore: Foreword Series Editor’s Preface Tove Skutnabb-Kangas: Preface Part 1: Evolution of a Theoretical Framework: A Personal Account Chapter 1. Core Ideas and Background Influences Chapter 2. Resolving Contradictions: Cognitive Consequences of Bilingualism Chapter 3. Linguistic Interdependence: Accounting for Patterns of Bilingual Academic Development Chapter 4. Language Proficiency and Academic Achievement Chapter 5. Power Relations in School: Constructing or Constricting Identities? Chapter 6. Reversing Underachievement: An Integrated Framework Part 2: Critical Analysis of Competing Theoretical Claims Chapter 7. How Do We Assess the Legitimacy of Theoretical Constructs and Claims? Chapter 8. Is ‘Academic Language’ a Legitimate Theoretical Construct? Chapter 9. Are ‘Linguistic Interdependence’ and the ‘Common Underlying Proficiency’ Legitimate Theoretical Constructs? Chapter 10. Unitary Translanguaging Theory and Crosslinguistic Translanguaging Theory: A Comparative Analysis Part 3: Instructional Practice in Dialogue with Theoretical Concepts Chapter 11. Teachers as Knowledge Generators: Learning from Inspirational Pedagogy About the Author References Index

In this book, Jim Cummins not only presents his ideas and writings, giving insights into their origins and evolution, but importantly, he answers his critics. The volume provides an up-to-date analysis of translanguaging, considering its strengths and its criticisms, and offers practical translanguaging ideas for classrooms and curriculum activities. This book is Jim Cummins’ finest contribution to the literature.